Grove W M, Eckert E D, Heston L, Bouchard T J, Segal N, Lykken D T
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
Biol Psychiatry. 1990 Jun 15;27(12):1293-304. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90500-2.
Thirty-two sets of monozygotic twins reared apart since shortly after birth (31 pairs and one set of triplets; median age at separation was 0.2 years) were interviewed separately and blindly using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for presence of DSM-III Axis I psychiatric disorders and antisocial personality. Because the sample was recruited from a nonclinical population, predictably few subjects met criteria for such disorders. However, items counting toward diagnoses were cumulated into four scores: alcohol-related problems, drug-related problems, childhood antisocial behavior, and adult antisocial behavior. The scores showed within-scale cohesion as measured by Cronbach's coefficient alpha. The drug scale and both antisocial scales showed significant heritability (p less than 0.1), but the alcohol scale had an estimated heritability of zero (albeit with a broad confidence interval). There appeared to be substantial commonalities in the genetic factors responsible for these traits.
32组自出生后不久便分开抚养的同卵双胞胎（31对双胞胎和1组三胞胎；分开时的中位年龄为0.2岁），使用《诊断访谈表》就《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版轴I精神障碍和反社会人格的存在情况分别进行了盲法访谈。由于样本是从非临床人群中招募的，不出所料，很少有受试者符合此类障碍的标准。然而，计入诊断的项目被累积为四个分数：与酒精相关的问题、与药物相关的问题、儿童期反社会行为和成人反社会行为。这些分数显示出通过克朗巴哈系数α测量的量表内一致性。药物量表和两个反社会量表均显示出显著的遗传性（p<0.1），但酒精量表的估计遗传率为零（尽管置信区间较宽）。在导致这些特征的遗传因素方面似乎存在大量共性。
