Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2013;51:39-59. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102225. Epub 2013 May 1.
Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato is a species complex comprising five species that are widely distributed in coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere and are each characterized by a distinct host preference. More than 1,700 papers have been published on these fungi in the past four decades, making them perhaps the most widely studied forest fungi. Heterobasidion species are at different levels on the saprotroph-necrotroph gradient, and the same individual can switch from one mode to the other. This offers a unique opportunity to study how genomic structure, gene expression, and genetic trade-offs may all interact with environmental factors to determine the life mode of the organism. The abilities of Heterobasidion spp. to infect stumps as saprotrophs and to spread to neighboring trees as pathogens have resulted in significant damages to timber production in managed forests. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the biology, ecology, evolution, and management of these species and is based on classical and modern studies.
广义长白侧耳是一个种复合体，包含五个种，广泛分布于北半球的针叶林中，每个种都具有明显的宿主偏好。在过去的四十年中，已有超过 1700 篇关于这些真菌的论文发表，使它们成为研究最多的森林真菌之一。长白侧耳种在腐生-坏死梯度上处于不同的水平，同一个体可以从一种模式切换到另一种模式。这为研究基因组结构、基因表达和遗传权衡如何与环境因素相互作用，从而决定生物体的生活方式提供了独特的机会。长白侧耳属能够作为腐生物感染树桩，并作为病原体传播到邻近的树木，这导致了人工林木材产量的显著损失。本综述重点介绍了这些物种的生物学、生态学、进化和管理的最新知识，其依据是经典和现代研究。
