Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2013;33:23-44. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161203. Epub 2013 Apr 29.
Our understanding of the mechanism of action of vitamin D has been broadened by the discovery of the extrarenal 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) in various vitamin D target tissues around the body and the implications of this for the putative paracrine actions of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. This review updates our current knowledge of the cytochrome P450-mediated steps of vitamin D activation (CYP2R1, CYP27B1) and inactivation (CYP24A1, CYP3A4) and the newest physiological roles of vitamin D. The review goes on to examine how well exogenously supplied vitamin D compounds, whether dietary vitamin D₂ supplements or prescribed vitamin D analogs, substitute for their natural counterparts; how in some cases vitamin D can be used in conjunction with vitamin D analogs; and the overall impact of these supplements and drugs on the components of the vitamin D signal transduction machinery.
我们对维生素 D 作用机制的理解已经通过在身体各个维生素 D 靶组织中发现非肾脏 1α-羟化酶 (CYP27B1) 而得到扩展，这对 1α,25-二羟维生素 D₃ 的假定旁分泌作用具有重要意义。这篇综述更新了我们目前对维生素 D 激活 (CYP2R1、CYP27B1) 和失活 (CYP24A1、CYP3A4) 的细胞色素 P450 介导步骤以及维生素 D 的最新生理作用的认识。该综述进一步探讨了外源性提供的维生素 D 化合物（无论是膳食维生素 D₂ 补充剂还是规定的维生素 D 类似物）如何替代它们的天然对应物；在某些情况下，维生素 D 如何与维生素 D 类似物一起使用；以及这些补充剂和药物对维生素 D 信号转导机制成分的整体影响。
