School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Phytochemistry. 2013 Aug;92:146-52. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.007. Epub 2013 May 2.
The aromatic cyanogenic glycosides taxiphyllin [(R)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile β-D-glucoside] and prunasin [(R)-mandelonitrile β-D-glucoside] were identified as the main cyanogenic compounds in tissues of Australian endemic tropical rainforest tree taxa in the Lauraceae and Sapindaceae families, respectively. The tyrosine-derived taxiphyllin was the main cyanogenic glycoside in foliage of Beilschmiedia collina. This is the first reported cyanogenic compound from the Lauraceae. In addition, substantial quantitative variation in the capacity for cyanogenesis was detected in leaves from 40 individuals, with taxiphyllin concentrations ranging from 23 to 1263 μg CN g(-1) dry wt. No acyanogenic individuals were detected. Concentrations of taxiphyllin were, on average, 2.2-fold greater in young leaves than in old leaves. Prunasin was the dominant cyanogenic compound in tissues of Mischocarpus grandissimus (leaves) and Mischocarpus exangulatus (leaves and seed capsule). Better known for cyanolipids in seed oils, this is the first time a phenylalanine-derived cyanogenic glycoside has been reported in the Sapindaceae. The concentrations of prunasin varied widely, over an order of magnitude, among individuals and different tissue types in these species, with the higher concentrations found in seed capsules and young leaves.
芳香族氰苷taxiphyllin [(R)-4-羟基苯乙腈 β-D-葡萄糖苷]和 prunasin [(R)-苯乙腈 β-D-葡萄糖苷]分别被鉴定为樟科和无患子科中澳大利亚特有热带雨林树种组织中的主要氰苷化合物。酪氨酸衍生的 taxiphyllin 是 Beilschmiedia collina 叶中的主要氰苷。这是首次报道来自樟科的氰苷化合物。此外，在 40 个个体的叶片中检测到氰苷生成能力的大量定量变化，其中 taxiphyllin 浓度范围为 23 至 1263μg CN g(-1)干重。未检测到无氰个体。taxiphyllin 浓度在幼叶中平均比老叶高 2.2 倍。prunasin 是 Mischocarpus grandissimus（叶片）和 Mischocarpus exangulatus（叶片和种荚）组织中的主要氰苷化合物。该属因种子油中的氰脂而闻名，这是首次在无患子科中报道苯丙氨酸衍生的氰苷。在这些物种中，个体间和不同组织类型的 prunasin 浓度差异很大，高达一个数量级，种荚和幼叶中的浓度较高。
