Raina R, Srivastava A K, Malik J K
Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Br Vet J. 1990 May-Jun;146(3):264-9. doi: 10.1016/s0007-1935(11)80013-8.
Dichlorvos was applied as spray at 1 and 2% concentrations daily for a period of 28 and 21 consecutive days, respectively to buffalo calves. Animals sprayed with 1% dichlorvos displayed mild to moderate clinical signs of toxicosis during the 4th week of exposure. The higher concentration (2%) produced clinical signs of poisoning after 12-16 applications, and was lethal to one of three animals. Daily spraying of dichlorvos at both concentrations inactivated erythrocyte cholinesterase (ChE) (15-21%), plasma ChE (17-20%) and serum carboxylesterase (5-10%) within 3 days. The extent of inhibition of esterases was increased with repeated treatment and maximal inhibition of erythrocyte ChE (80-89%), plasma ChE (81-91%) and serum carboxylesterase (33-54%) with 1 and 2% concentrations was observed on the 28th and 21st day after start of application, respectively. In surviving animals, blood esterases remained inactivated to the extent of 14-65% on the 14th day after the termination of treatment. Dichlorvos at both concentrations significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of these enzymes in surviving animals recovered to control values within 14 days after the final application of dichlorvos.
将敌敌畏以1%和2%的浓度每日进行喷雾处理，分别对水牛犊连续处理28天和21天。用1%敌敌畏喷雾处理的动物在接触的第4周出现了轻度至中度的中毒临床症状。较高浓度（2%）在喷雾12 - 16次后出现中毒临床症状，并且三只动物中有一只死亡。两种浓度的敌敌畏每日喷雾处理在3天内使红细胞胆碱酯酶（ChE）（15 - 21%）、血浆胆碱酯酶（17 - 20%）和血清羧酸酯酶（5 - 10%）失活。随着重复处理，酯酶的抑制程度增加，在开始处理后的第28天和第21天，分别观察到1%和2%浓度对红细胞胆碱酯酶（80 - 89%）、血浆胆碱酯酶（81 - 91%）和血清羧酸酯酶（33 - 54%）的最大抑制。在存活的动物中，处理终止后第14天血液酯酶仍有14 - 65%的失活。两种浓度的敌敌畏均显著（P小于0.01）升高了血清天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的水平。在最后一次施用敌敌畏后14天内，存活动物中这些酶的活性恢复到对照值。
