Royal Dutch Visio, Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, Huizen, The Netherlands.
Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Jul;34(7):2161-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
There is evidence that blind people may strengthen their memory skills to compensate for absence of vision. However, which aspects of memory are involved is open to debate and a developmental perspective is generally lacking. In the present study, we compared the short term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) of 10-year-old blind children and sighted children. STM was measured using digit span forward, name learning, and word span tasks; WM was measured using listening span and digit span backward tasks. The blind children outperformed their sighted peers on both STM and WM tasks. The enhanced capacity of the blind children on digit span and other STM tasks confirms the results of earlier research; the significantly better performance of the blind children relative to their sighted peers on verbal WM tasks is a new interesting finding. Task characteristics, including the verbal nature of the WM tasks and strategies used to perform these tasks, are discussed.
有证据表明，盲人可能会通过加强记忆技能来弥补视力缺失。然而，涉及到哪些记忆方面仍存在争议，而且通常缺乏发展的视角。在本研究中，我们比较了 10 岁盲童和正常视力儿童的短期记忆 (STM) 和工作记忆 (WM)。STM 通过数字跨度向前、名字学习和单词跨度任务进行测量；WM 通过听力跨度和数字跨度向后任务进行测量。盲童在 STM 和 WM 任务上的表现均优于视力正常的儿童。盲童在数字跨度和其他 STM 任务上的增强能力证实了早期研究的结果；盲童在言语 WM 任务上的表现明显优于其视力正常的同龄人，这是一个新的有趣发现。讨论了任务特点，包括 WM 任务的语言性质以及用于执行这些任务的策略。
