Räber R, Kaufmann T, Regula G, von Rotz A, Stoffel H M, Posthaus H, Rérat M, Morel I, Kirchhofer M, Steiner A, Bähler C
Clinic for Ruminants, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2013 May;155(5):283-92. doi: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000459.
The objective of this study was to identify a suitable alternative to the current practice of complementing the feeding of whole milk with straw. The influence of 3 different solid supplements on the health and performance of Swiss veal calves was investigated during 3 production cycles of 90 veal calves each with a mean initial age of 42 days and a mean initial weight of 68.7 kg. The calves were housed in groups of 30 in stalls strewn with wheat straw without outside pen. Liquid feeding consisted of whole milk combined with an additional skim milk powder ad libitum. Groups were assigned to one of the three following experimental solid feeds provided ad libitum: Pellet mix (composition: oat hulls, corn [whole plant], barley, sunflower seeds, squeezed grains of corn, molasses and a pellet binder), whole plant corn pellets, and wheat straw as control. Calves of the straw group showed significantly more abomasal lesions in the fundic part as compared to the pellet mix and corn pellets groups (P < 0.001), the prevalence of insufficient papillae was highest (P < 0.05), and ruminating behavior was unsatisfactory. In contrast to the pellet mix and straw groups, performance of calves in the corn pellets group was good. Additionally, prevalence of abomasal fundic lesions was lowest (P < 0.001), and rumen development was best in calves of the corn pellets group (P < 0.01). As in part I, the results reveal that whole-plant corn pellets are most consistent with an optimal result combining the calves' health and fattening performance. Therefore, it can be recommended as a solid supplement for veal calves basically fed whole milk under Swiss conditions.
本研究的目的是确定一种合适的方法，以替代当前用稻草补充全脂牛奶喂养的做法。在3个生产周期中，对90头瑞士小牛肉犊牛的健康和性能进行了研究，每个周期有90头小牛肉犊牛，平均初始年龄为42天，平均初始体重为68.7千克。这些犊牛以30头为一组，饲养在铺满小麦秸秆的畜栏中，没有室外围栏。液体饲料由全脂牛奶和额外随意提供的脱脂奶粉组成。将这些组分配到以下三种随意提供的实验固体饲料之一：颗粒混合料（成分：燕麦壳、玉米[整株]、大麦、向日葵籽、挤压玉米粒、糖蜜和颗粒粘结剂）、整株玉米颗粒和作为对照的小麦秸秆。与颗粒混合料组和玉米颗粒组相比，稻草组犊牛皱胃底部的病变明显更多（P<0.001），乳头不足的发生率最高（P<0.05），反刍行为不理想。与颗粒混合料组和稻草组相比，玉米颗粒组犊牛的性能良好。此外，玉米颗粒组犊牛皱胃底部病变的发生率最低（P<0.001），瘤胃发育最好（P<0.01）。如第一部分所述，结果表明，整株玉米颗粒最符合将犊牛健康和育肥性能相结合的最佳结果。因此，在瑞士条件下，对于基本以全脂牛奶喂养的小牛肉犊牛，推荐将其作为固体补充饲料。
