Hepatic uptake and antihepatotoxic properties of vitamin E and liposomes in the mouse.

Intravenous administration of soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes containing different amounts of tocopherol acetate leads to a dose and time dependent increase of mouse liver tocopherol content, which was not observed when the preparation was given orally. When benzo[a]pyrene pretreated mice intoxicated with 400 mg/kg AAP were pretreated 2 h before with 1 g/kg phosphatidylcholine liposomes containing 4 mg/kg vitamin E acetate, these animals were protected against liver damage. Vitamin E alone or liposomes lacking vitamin E showed no protection. In an inflammatory liver disease model, i.e. fulminant hepatitis induced by intraperitoneal administration of 700 mg/kg galactosamine and 1 microgram/kg lipopolysaccharide phosphatidylcholine liposomes protected at a dose of 1 g/kg i.v. In this case, however, the protection was not due to the presence of vitamin E. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of phosphatidylcholine for liver protection and show that the protective spectrum is improved when they contain vitamin E. The data suggest that phosphatidylcholine is an excellent carrier for delivery of vitamin E to the liver.