Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Nahar Kamrun, Alam Md Mahabub, Roychowdhury Rajib, Fujita Masayuki
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 May 3;14(5):9643-84. doi: 10.3390/ijms14059643.
High temperature (HT) stress is a major environmental stress that limits plant growth, metabolism, and productivity worldwide. Plant growth and development involve numerous biochemical reactions that are sensitive to temperature. Plant responses to HT vary with the degree and duration of HT and the plant type. HT is now a major concern for crop production and approaches for sustaining high yields of crop plants under HT stress are important agricultural goals. Plants possess a number of adaptive, avoidance, or acclimation mechanisms to cope with HT situations. In addition, major tolerance mechanisms that employ ion transporters, proteins, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other factors involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control are activated to offset stress-induced biochemical and physiological alterations. Plant survival under HT stress depends on the ability to perceive the HT stimulus, generate and transmit the signal, and initiate appropriate physiological and biochemical changes. HT-induced gene expression and metabolite synthesis also substantially improve tolerance. The physiological and biochemical responses to heat stress are active research areas, and the molecular approaches are being adopted for developing HT tolerance in plants. This article reviews the recent findings on responses, adaptation, and tolerance to HT at the cellular, organellar, and whole plant levels and describes various approaches being taken to enhance thermotolerance in plants.
高温（HT）胁迫是一种主要的环境胁迫，在全球范围内限制了植物的生长、代谢和生产力。植物的生长和发育涉及众多对温度敏感的生化反应。植物对高温的反应因高温的程度和持续时间以及植物类型而异。高温现在是作物生产的主要关注点，在高温胁迫下维持作物高产的方法是重要的农业目标。植物拥有多种适应、规避或驯化机制来应对高温情况。此外，主要的耐受机制，即利用离子转运蛋白、蛋白质、渗透保护剂、抗氧化剂以及参与信号级联和转录控制的其他因素被激活，以抵消胁迫诱导的生化和生理变化。植物在高温胁迫下的存活取决于感知高温刺激、产生和传递信号以及启动适当生理和生化变化的能力。高温诱导的基因表达和代谢物合成也显著提高了耐受性。对热胁迫的生理和生化反应是活跃的研究领域，并且正在采用分子方法来培育植物的高温耐受性。本文综述了在细胞、细胞器和整株植物水平上对高温的反应、适应和耐受的最新研究结果，并描述了为提高植物耐热性而采取的各种方法。
