Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand,
Endocrine. 2013 Dec;44(3):616-22. doi: 10.1007/s12020-013-9974-2. Epub 2013 May 4.
The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing all around the world in the past decades. Early detection is one of the keys to reduce the mortality. Currently, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) guides the management of patients with a thyroid nodule. The use of FNA can reduce unnecessary thyroid surgery by twenty-five percent. However, the prevalence of non-diagnostic and indeterminate cytology from FNA is still high, approximately thirty percent. Many biomarkers were developed to differentiate between the benign and malignant thyroid nodule. This review summarizes each diagnostic biomarker of differentiated thyroid cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of individual cytological laboratory need to be considered before implementation of each biomarker. Moreover, follow-up is still mandatory in negative biomarker tests because all genomic and proteomic alterations in thyroid cancer are still unknown.
在过去几十年中，全球范围内甲状腺癌的发病率一直在上升。早期发现是降低死亡率的关键之一。目前，细针穿刺（FNA）指导甲状腺结节患者的管理。使用 FNA 可以减少 25%的不必要的甲状腺手术。然而，FNA 的非诊断性和不确定细胞学的患病率仍然很高，约为 30%。许多生物标志物被开发出来以区分良性和恶性甲状腺结节。这篇综述总结了分化型甲状腺癌的每个诊断生物标志物。在实施每个生物标志物之前，需要考虑单个细胞学实验室的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值。此外，在阴性生物标志物检测中仍然需要进行随访，因为甲状腺癌中所有的基因组和蛋白质组改变仍然未知。
