Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Psychosom Med. 2013 May;75(4):390-6. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182906a4c.
To study cardiac, sleep-related, and emotional reactions to playing violent (VG) versus nonviolent video games (NVG) in adolescents with different gaming habits.
Thirty boys (aged 13-16 years, standard deviation = 0.9), half of them low-exposed (≤1 h/d) and half high-exposed (≥3 h/d) to violent games, played a VG/NVG for 2 hours during two different evenings in their homes. Heart rate (HR) and HR variability were registered from before start until next morning. A questionnaire about emotional reactions was administered after gaming sessions and a sleep diary on the following mornings.
During sleep, there were significant interaction effects between group and gaming condition for HR (means [standard errors] for low-exposed: NVG 63.8 [2.2] and VG 67.7 [2.4]; for high-exposed: NVG 65.5 [1.9] and VG 62.7 [1.9]; F(1,28) = 9.22, p = .005). There was also a significant interaction for sleep quality (low-exposed: NVG 4.3 [0.2] and VG 3.7 [0.3]); high-exposed: NVG 4.4 [0.2] and VG 4.4 [0.2]; F(1,28) = 3.51, p = .036, one sided), and sadness after playing (low-exposed: NVG 1.0 [0.0] and VG 1.4 [0.2]; high-exposed: NVG 1.2 [0.1] and VG 1.1 [0.1]; (F(1,27) = 6.29, p = .009, one sided).
Different combinations of the extent of (low versus high) previous VG and experimental exposure to a VG or an NVG are associated with different reaction patterns-physiologically, emotionally, and sleep related. Desensitizing effects or selection bias stand out as possible explanations.
研究不同游戏习惯的青少年在玩暴力（VG）与非暴力（NVG）视频游戏时的心脏、睡眠相关和情绪反应。
30 名男孩（年龄 13-16 岁，标准差=0.9），其中一半是低暴露（≤1 小时/天），一半是高暴露（≥3 小时/天）玩暴力游戏，在两个不同的晚上在家中分别玩 2 小时的 VG/NVG。在开始前到次日早上，记录心率（HR）和心率变异性。游戏后进行情绪反应问卷调查，次日早上进行睡眠日记。
在睡眠期间，组和游戏条件之间存在显著的交互作用，影响 HR（低暴露组的平均值[标准误差]：NVG 63.8[2.2]和 VG 67.7[2.4]；高暴露组：NVG 65.5[1.9]和 VG 62.7[1.9]；F（1，28）=9.22，p=0.005）。睡眠质量（低暴露组：NVG 4.3[0.2]和 VG 3.7[0.3]；高暴露组：NVG 4.4[0.2]和 VG 4.4[0.2]；F（1，28）=3.51，p=0.036，单侧）和游戏后悲伤（低暴露组：NVG 1.0[0.0]和 VG 1.4[0.2]；高暴露组：NVG 1.2[0.1]和 VG 1.1[0.1]；F（1，27）=6.29，p=0.009，单侧）也存在显著的交互作用。
以往（低与高）玩 VG 的程度和实验中接触 VG 或 NVG 的不同组合与不同的反应模式相关，包括生理、情绪和睡眠相关方面。脱敏效应或选择偏差是可能的解释。
