Ivarsson Malena, Anderson Martin, Akerstedt Torbjörn, Lindblad Frank
Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2009 Jan;98(1):166-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01096.x. Epub 2008 Oct 29.
To investigate how playing a violent/nonviolent television game during the evening affects sympathetic and parasympathetic reactions during and after playing as well as sleep quality during the night after playing.
In total, 19 boys, 12-15 years of age, played television games on two occasions in their homes and participated once without gaming. Heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and physical activity were measured during gaming/participating and the night to follow using a portable combined heart rate and movement sensor. A sleep diary and questionnaires about gaming experiences and session-specific experiences were filled in. Criteria for Selection of Games: Violent game involves/rewards direct physical violence (no handguns) against another person, and nonviolent game involves/rewards no violence; same game design ('third-person game'); conducted in the same manner; no differences concerning motor activity; similar sound and light effects; no sexual content, violence against women or racial overtones.
During violent (vs. nonviolent) gaming, there was significantly higher activity of the very low frequency component of the HRV and total power. During the night after playing, very low frequency, low frequency and high frequency components were significantly higher during the violent (vs. nonviolent) condition, just as total power. There were no significant differences between the three conditions (violent/nonviolent/no gaming) with respect to an index reflecting subjectively perceived sleep difficulties. Nor was there any difference between violent and nonviolent condition for any single sleep item.
Violent gaming induces different autonomic responses in boys compared to nonviolent gaming--during playing and during the following night--suggesting different emotional responses. Subjectively perceived sleep quality is not influenced after a single gaming experience. Future studies should address the development of the autonomic balance after gaming over longer time than a night, physiological adaptation to frequent gaming and potential gender differences.
研究晚上玩暴力/非暴力电视游戏如何影响游戏期间及之后的交感神经和副交感神经反应，以及玩游戏后夜间的睡眠质量。
共有19名12至15岁的男孩在家中玩了两次电视游戏，且有一次未玩游戏。在游戏/参与过程以及随后的夜间，使用便携式心率和运动组合传感器测量心率、心率变异性（HRV）和身体活动。填写了睡眠日记以及关于游戏体验和特定时段体验的问卷。游戏选择标准：暴力游戏涉及/奖励对他人的直接身体暴力（无手枪），非暴力游戏不涉及/奖励暴力行为；相同的游戏设计（“第三人称游戏”）；以相同方式进行；运动活动方面无差异；相似的声光效果；无色情内容、针对女性的暴力或种族色彩。
在玩暴力（与非暴力）游戏期间，HRV的极低频成分和总功率的活动显著更高。在玩游戏后的夜间，暴力（与非暴力）状态下的极低频、低频和高频成分以及总功率均显著更高。反映主观感知睡眠困难的指标在三种状态（暴力/非暴力/不玩游戏）之间无显著差异。任何单个睡眠项目在暴力和非暴力状态之间也无差异。
与非暴力游戏相比，暴力游戏在男孩玩游戏期间及随后的夜间会引发不同的自主神经反应，表明情绪反应不同。单次游戏体验后，主观感知的睡眠质量不受影响。未来的研究应探讨游戏后超过一个晚上更长时间的自主神经平衡发展、对频繁游戏的生理适应以及潜在的性别差异。
