Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0062, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2013 Nov;33(7):870-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.009. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
The present paper argues that traditional approaches to treatment development, including a technological approach, a stage model, and existing inductive approaches such as functional analysis are inadequate in various ways. Treatment developing needs to focus more on theoretical development, practicality, and the fit with clients and practitioners. We argue that progress requires greater philosophical clarity, and steps to ensure a connection between philosophy of science assumptions and an analytic agenda which fits naturally with applied psychology. Theoretical progress requires distinguishing between clinical and basic models and harmonizing their relationship, and more focus on the manipulable context of action. Applied psychology needs to join in a common cause with basic psychology in domains of mutual interest, and develop basic analyses and mid-level terms that can be both scientifically progressive and clinically useful. Issues of practicality, capacity for dissemination, and public health impact need to be considered at the beginning and throughout treatment development. Issues of effectiveness, change processes, mediation, moderation, training, active components, and similar issues should be part of the evaluation system from the beginning. It is time to create a more coherent approach to treatment innovation.
本文认为，传统的治疗开发方法，包括技术方法、阶段模型和现有的功能分析等归纳方法，在各个方面都存在不足。治疗开发需要更加关注理论发展、实用性以及与客户和从业者的契合度。我们认为，要取得进展，需要更加明确哲学观点，并采取措施确保科学假设与分析议程之间的联系，而该议程自然适用于应用心理学。理论进展需要区分临床模型和基础模型，并协调它们之间的关系，更加关注可操作的行动背景。应用心理学需要与基础心理学在共同感兴趣的领域携手合作，发展基本分析和中层术语，这些术语既具有科学进步性，又具有临床实用性。在治疗开发的开始和整个过程中，都需要考虑实用性、传播能力和公共卫生影响等问题。有效性、变化过程、中介、调节、培训、活动成分等问题应从一开始就成为评估系统的一部分。现在是时候创建一种更连贯的治疗创新方法了。
