Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Chemosphere. 2013 Jul;92(3):329-35. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.010. Epub 2013 May 3.
Levels of seven major perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and three perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) were analyzed for the first time in sludge from wastewater treatment plants from Nigeria. Measurements were performed using an analytical methodology using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS-MS). The method detection limit and method quantification limit was 3pg/g and 9.5pg/g for both analytes (PFCAs and PFSAs) respectively. Typical recoveries ranged from 50% to 104% for spiked mass labeled internal standards of 1ng (absolute value) to 1g of sample. All sludge samples taken from industrial, domestic and hospital wastewater treatment plants contained measurable levels of PFASs. Levels of the quantified perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates concentrations ranged from 10 to 597 and 14 to 540pg/g, respectively. The concentrations were therefore lower compared to sewage sludge samples reported in other regions in the world. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates with carbon chain having ≥8 fluorinated carbons were detected in the analyzed sewage sludge samples at higher levels compared to carboxylates with <8 fluorinated carbon chain. The measured concentrations indicate that no PFAS point source for the 10 investigated sewage treatment plants existed. Furthermore the low levels in the four municipal sewage treatment plants in Lagos is a first indication that even in an African megacity like Lagos the PFASs release from households are low until now. The highest PFOS level was found in a hospital sewage sludge (539.6pg/g) possibly indicating (minor) release from medical equipment where some are known to contain PFOS. The PFASs in waste water sludge from a brewery warrant further investigations.
这是一份污水处理厂污泥中七种主要全氟羧酸（PFCAs）和三种全氟磺酸（PFSAs）水平的首次分析报告。采用固相萃取（SPE）和超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UHPLC-MS-MS）分析方法进行了测量。该方法的检测限和定量限分别为 3pg/g 和 9.5pg/g，适用于所有分析物（PFCAs 和 PFSAs）。对于 1ng（绝对值）至 1g 样品的加标质量标记内标，典型回收率范围为 50%至 104%。从工业、家庭和医院污水处理厂采集的所有污泥样品均含有可测量水平的 PFASs。定量的全氟烷基羧酸和全氟烷基磺酸盐浓度范围分别为 10 至 597pg/g 和 14 至 540pg/g。因此，与世界其他地区报道的污水污泥样本相比，这些浓度较低。在所分析的污水污泥样本中，具有≥8 个氟化碳原子的全氟烷基羧酸的浓度高于具有<8 个氟化碳链的羧酸。测量浓度表明，在所调查的 10 个污水处理厂中不存在任何 PFAS 点源。此外，拉各斯四个城市污水处理厂的低浓度首次表明，即使在拉各斯这样的非洲特大城市，到目前为止，家庭排放的 PFASs 也很低。在医院污水污泥中发现了最高的 PFOS 水平（539.6pg/g），这可能表明（少量）来自医疗设备的释放，其中一些设备已知含有 PFOS。啤酒厂废水污泥中的 PFASs 需要进一步调查。
