Mlynski R, Plontke S
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, plastische und ästhetische Operationen, Comprehensive Hearing Center, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.
HNO. 2013 May;61(5):388-98. doi: 10.1007/s00106-013-2699-y.
Cochlear implants (CI) have become standard in the treatment of prelingual, postlingual and perilingual deafness and hearing loss in children. Bilateral implants are considered standard for bilaterally affected children. The benefits for speech and language development, as well as speech intelligibility brought by CI-enabled hearing are greatest if these are received as soon after diagnosis as possible. Continued improvements in preoperative diagnostics, electrode design, speech coding strategies and surgical techniques, have broadened the CI applications spectrum. Nowadays--with the exception of cochlear- and cochlear nerve aplasia--almost all malformations are manageable with CIs. New indications concern partial and unilateral deafness. Treatment with CIs requires exceptional team work. In addition to ongoing medical care of the children, the involvement of parents and relatives in the cooperation between surgeons, audiologists, teachers and specialist centers is important for successful rehabilitation.
人工耳蜗已成为治疗儿童语前、语后和语期耳聋及听力损失的标准方法。对于双侧受影响的儿童，双侧植入被视为标准治疗方案。如果在诊断后尽快接受人工耳蜗带来的听力，那么其对言语和语言发育以及言语清晰度的益处将最大。术前诊断、电极设计、言语编码策略和手术技术的不断改进，拓宽了人工耳蜗的应用范围。如今，除了耳蜗和蜗神经发育不全外，几乎所有畸形都可以通过人工耳蜗进行治疗。新的适应症包括部分性和单侧耳聋。人工耳蜗治疗需要出色的团队协作。除了对儿童进行持续的医疗护理外，父母和亲属参与外科医生、听力学家、教师和专业中心之间的合作，对于成功康复至关重要。
