Orthotopic liver transplantation for graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation.

Chronic graft-vs.-host disease occurs in 30%-50% of long-term survivors of allogeneic bone marrow grafts, and may eventuate in cirrhosis. In this study, a young woman, originally diagnosed as having acute myelogenous leukemia, underwent successful bone marrow transplantation but later developed graft-vs.-host disease-induced cirrhosis and recurrent variceal hemorrhage. She underwent successful orthotopic liver transplant. Her postoperative course was uncomplicated, with no evidence of rejection or recurrence of graft-vs.-host disease. As bone marrow transplantation is more widely used and survival improves, the number of patients with graft-vs.-host disease or venoocclusive disease resulting in cirrhosis is likely to increase. Hepatic transplantation should be considered for bone marrow transplant patients who develop end-stage liver disease.