Biochemistry Department, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
Am J Ther. 2013 Jul-Aug;20(4):414-21. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e318235f206.
It has already been a decade and a half since the discovery of adiponectin and its role as an insulin sensitizer and only 7 years since its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, were described. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a DNA sequence variation that affects only one nucleotide; it may vary from one population to another with different predisposing factors to diseases and other ailments. Once some of the effects of adiponectin and its receptors were known, it was not long until an effort was made to find the associations between specific SNPs of the genes of this hormone and its receptors as genetic risk factors for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, although these genes were investigated as possible candidates related to the development of these metabolic disorders. All of these possible associations were studied in different populations from France, Finland, the United Kingdom, North America, and Japan, showing hardly concluding results, and because of that it is highly controversial to directly associate one of the genes mentioned above to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. All of these inconsistencies lead to a review that summarizes the SNPs of the genes of adiponectin, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 that are mostly related to insulin resistance syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, although presenting the possible factors that should be taken into account to homogenize the results obtained until now.
脂联素的发现及其作为胰岛素增敏剂的作用已有 15 年，而其受体 AdipoR1 和 AdipoR2 的描述也只有 7 年。单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 是一种仅影响一个核苷酸的 DNA 序列变异；它可能因不同的疾病和其他疾病的易感因素而在不同人群中有所不同。一旦了解了脂联素及其受体的一些作用，人们就很快努力寻找这种激素及其受体的特定基因 SNP 与胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病和代谢综合征之间的关联，尽管这些基因被作为与这些代谢紊乱发展相关的可能候选基因进行了研究。所有这些可能的关联都在来自法国、芬兰、英国、北美和日本的不同人群中进行了研究，但几乎没有得出结论性的结果，因此，直接将上述基因之一与胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病和代谢综合征联系起来存在很大争议。所有这些不一致导致了一篇综述，总结了与胰岛素抵抗综合征、2 型糖尿病和代谢综合征最相关的脂联素、AdipoR1 和 AdipoR2 基因的 SNP，尽管提出了可能需要考虑的因素，以统一迄今为止获得的结果。
