Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Aug;91(8):3955-64. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-6068. Epub 2013 May 8.
In total, 240 pigs were used to compare growth performance and carcass quality traits of immunocastrated males (ICM), surgically castrated males (SCM), and intact females (IF) of crossbreds from Large White × Landrace females and Duroc (DU) or Pietrain (PI) sires destined to the dry-cured industry. Between the 2 Improvac injections (87 and 137 d of age), ICM and IF had less ADG than SCM (P < 0.01). Also, ICM ate less feed than IF and both less than SCM (2.33, 2.55, and 2.77 kg/d; respectively; P < 0.001) and consequently, ICM had better G:F than SCM and IF (P < 0.001). From second Improvac injection to slaughter (137 to 164 d of age), ICM were more efficient than IF and both more efficient than SCM (0.346, 0.323, and 0.300 g/g; respectively; P < 0.001). The differences in growth performance among genders observed in this period were more pronounced for the PI than for the DU crossbreds (P < 0.05 for the interaction). For the entire experimental period (87 to 164 d of age), gender did not affect ADG for DU crossbreds but for PI crossbreds ICM and SCM had greater ADG than IF (P < 0.05 for the interaction). The ICM pigs had better feed efficiency (0.406, 0.364, and 0.380; g/g; P < 0.001) and lower carcass yield (76.6, 78.1, and 78.8%; P < 0.001) than SCM or IF. Carcasses from IF were leaner than carcasses from SCM with carcasses from ICM being intermediate (P < 0.01). Ham and loin (P < 0.001) yields were greater for IF than for ICM or SCM. Intramuscular fat content was lower for IF than for SCM with that of ICM being intermediate (3.5 vs. 3.9 and 3.7%; P < 0.05). Cumulatively, crossbreds from DU sires had greater ADG (1.167 vs. 0.986 kg/d; P < 0.001) and ADFI (3.07 vs. 2.56 kg/d; P < 0.001) and more intramuscular fat (P < 0.001) but less ham and loin yields (P < 0.01) than crossbreds from PI sires. It is concluded that growth performance was better but carcass yield less for ICM than for SCM and IF. Intramuscular fat content in LM was less for IF than for SCM with ICM intermediate. Crossbreds from Duroc sires grew faster and had more intramuscular fat but less ham yield than crossbreds from Pietrain sires. Therefore, ICM should be preferred to SCM and Duroc crossbreds should be preferred to Pietrain crossbreds to produce carcasses destined to the production of primal cuts for the dry-cured industry.
总共使用了 240 头猪来比较免疫去势公猪（ICM）、手术去势公猪（SCM）和杂交母猪（IF）的生长性能和胴体质量性状，这些杂交母猪来自大白猪×长白猪的母本和杜洛克（DU）或皮特兰（PI）公猪，用于干腌工业。在两次 Improvac 注射之间（87 和 137 日龄），ICM 和 IF 的 ADG 低于 SCM（P<0.01）。此外，ICM 比 IF 和 SCM 吃得更少（分别为 2.33、2.55 和 2.77 kg/d；P<0.001），因此，ICM 的 G:F 比 SCM 和 IF 更好（P<0.001）。从第二次 Improvac 注射到屠宰（137 至 164 日龄），ICM 比 IF 和 SCM 更有效率（分别为 0.346、0.323 和 0.300 g/g；P<0.001）。在这个时期，PI 杂交猪比 DU 杂交猪观察到的性别对生长性能的影响更为明显（P<0.05 为交互作用）。对于整个实验期（87 至 164 日龄），性别对 DU 杂交猪的 ADG 没有影响，但对 PI 杂交猪的 ICM 和 SCM 的 ADG 高于 IF（P<0.05 为交互作用）。ICM 猪的饲料效率更好（0.406、0.364 和 0.380；g/g；P<0.001），胴体产量较低（76.6、78.1 和 78.8%；P<0.001），比 SCM 或 IF 低。IF 的胴体比 SCM 的更瘦，而 ICM 的胴体则介于两者之间（P<0.01）。火腿和腰肉（P<0.001）产量 IF 高于 ICM 或 SCM。IF 的肌肉内脂肪含量比 SCM 低，而 ICM 的则介于两者之间（3.5 对 3.9 和 3.7%；P<0.05）。总的来说，来自 DU 公猪的杂交猪的 ADG（1.167 对 0.986 kg/d；P<0.001）和 ADFI（3.07 对 2.56 kg/d；P<0.001）更高，肌肉内脂肪更多（P<0.001），但火腿和腰肉产量较低（P<0.01），比来自 PI 公猪的杂交猪。因此，ICM 的生长性能优于 SCM 和 IF，但胴体产量较低。IF 的 LM 肌肉内脂肪含量比 SCM 低，而 ICM 则介于两者之间。来自杜洛克公猪的杂交猪生长速度更快，肌肉内脂肪更多，但火腿产量比来自皮特兰公猪的杂交猪低。因此，与 SCM 相比，ICM 应优先选择，与皮特兰杂交猪相比，杜洛克杂交猪应优先选择，以生产用于干腌工业的原切肉的胴体。
