Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013 Aug;23(4):597-606. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.04.003. Epub 2013 May 9.
Addiction is a chronically relapsing brain disorder that insidiously affects the motivational and cognitive control systems of susceptible individuals. Clinical research over the last two decades has profited from the technique of positron emission tomography (PET), a non-invasive imaging technique that allows the longitudinal assessment of addiction-relevant biomarkers in current and former drug users. The vast majority of this research has unsurprisingly focused on the brain dopamine (DA) systems given their pivotal role in primary drug reinforcement and the rich abundance of dopaminergic PET tracers. However, the provocative failure of dopaminergic medications in addiction has fuelled the search for alternative treatments. This article considers current controversies in this field as well as prospects for elucidating neurotransmitter mechanisms in addiction beyond DA.
成瘾是一种慢性复发性脑部疾病，它悄然影响着易感个体的动机和认知控制系统。在过去的二十年中，临床研究得益于正电子发射断层扫描（PET）技术，这是一种非侵入性成像技术，可对当前和以前的药物使用者的成瘾相关生物标志物进行纵向评估。毫不奇怪，由于大脑多巴胺（DA）系统在主要药物强化中的关键作用以及丰富的多巴胺能 PET 示踪剂，绝大多数此类研究都集中在 DA 系统上。然而，多巴胺能药物在成瘾治疗中的失败令人惊讶，这促使人们寻找替代疗法。本文考虑了该领域当前的争议以及阐明成瘾中除 DA 以外的神经递质机制的前景。
