Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM). Ronda de Toledo, s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Vet Parasitol. 2013 Sep 23;196(3-4):453-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.016. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
During the last decades, attempts have been made to understand the molecular epidemiology of Sarcoptes scabiei, and to detect and clarify the differences between isolates from different hosts and geographic regions. Two main phenomena have been described: (i) host-taxon derived-Sarcoptes mite infection in European wild animals (revealing the presence of three separate clusters, namely herbivore-, carnivore- and omnivore-derived Sarcoptes populations in Europe) and (ii) prey-to-predator Sarcoptes mite infection in the Masai Mara ecosystem.
Using one multiplex of 9 microsatellite markers and Sarcoptes mite samples from sympatric Pyrenean chamois, red deer, red fox and Iberian wolf, different population structure analyses revealed concordance with the host-taxon law described for wild animals in Europe, with two main host-derived Sarcoptes mite populations, herbivore- and carnivore-derived. Surprisingly, Iberian wolf derived Sarcoptes populations had the highest genetic diversity among the other populations, including two different subpopulations: one similar to the herbivore-derived Sarcoptes populations, and another similar to carnivore (fox)-derived Sarcoptes mite population.
The host-taxon effect in wild animals is still supported with the maintenance of carnivore- and herbivore-derived Sarcoptes clusters' separation in analyzed mites. However, this phenomenon could be modified with the inclusion of a large predator as wolf in the present work, revealing prey-to-predator Sarcoptes mite infection between the studied host-taxa and suggesting the importance of wolf's immune system for explaining the high variability reported in C. lupus derived mites. Further studies of host diet, behavior and movement, and regarding the role played by its immune system, would be of great help to clarify interactions between the two hypotheses, host-taxon and prey-to-predator.
在过去的几十年中，人们试图了解疥螨的分子流行病学，并检测和阐明来自不同宿主和地理区域的分离株之间的差异。已经描述了两种主要现象：（i）欧洲野生动物中的宿主分类群衍生的疥螨感染（揭示了欧洲存在三个独立的簇，即食草动物、食肉动物和杂食动物衍生的疥螨种群）和（ii）马赛马拉生态系统中的猎物到捕食者的疥螨感染。
使用 9 个微卫星标记的一个多重扩增试剂盒和来自共生的比利牛斯野山羊、马鹿、赤狐和伊比利亚狼的疥螨样本，不同的种群结构分析结果与欧洲野生动物中描述的宿主分类群法则一致，存在两个主要的宿主衍生的疥螨种群，食草动物和食肉动物衍生的种群。令人惊讶的是，伊比利亚狼衍生的疥螨种群在其他种群中具有最高的遗传多样性，包括两个不同的亚种群：一个与食草动物衍生的疥螨种群相似，另一个与食肉动物（狐狸）衍生的疥螨种群相似。
在分析的螨虫中，仍然支持野生动物中的宿主分类群效应，维持了食肉动物和食草动物衍生的疥螨聚类的分离。然而，这种现象可能会随着包括大型捕食者狼在内的变化而改变，在本研究中揭示了研究宿主分类群之间的猎物到捕食者的疥螨感染，并表明狼的免疫系统对于解释在 C. lupus 衍生的螨虫中报道的高变异性的重要性。进一步研究宿主的饮食、行为和运动，以及其免疫系统的作用，将有助于澄清宿主分类群和猎物到捕食者这两个假说之间的相互作用。
