Centre for Ecology & Hydrology-CEH, Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, United Kingdom.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Aug;179:120-31. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.014. Epub 2013 May 10.
We examined the consequences of the spatial heterogeneity of atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) by measuring and modelling NH₃ concentrations and deposition at 25 m grid resolution for a rural landscape containing intensive poultry farming, agricultural grassland, woodland and moorland. The emission pattern gave rise to a high spatial variability of modelled mean annual NH₃ concentrations and dry deposition. Largest impacts were predicted for woodland patches located within the agricultural area, while larger moorland areas were at low risk, due to atmospheric dispersion, prevailing wind direction and low NH3 background. These high resolution spatial details are lost in national scale estimates at 1 km resolution due to less detailed emission input maps. The results demonstrate how the spatial arrangement of sources and sinks is critical to defining the NH₃ risk to semi-natural ecosystems. These spatial relationships provide the foundation for local spatial planning approaches to reduce environmental impacts of atmospheric NH₃.
我们通过测量和建模，以 25 米网格分辨率研究了大气氨（NH₃）空间异质性的后果，该模型涵盖了密集型家禽养殖、农业草地、林地和荒地的农村景观。排放模式导致模型化的年均 NH₃浓度和干沉降具有很高的空间变异性。预测对位于农业区的林地斑块影响最大，而由于大气扩散、盛行风向和低 NH3 背景，较大的荒地地区风险较低。由于排放输入图不够详细，在 1 公里分辨率的国家尺度估计中，这些高分辨率的空间细节会丢失。结果表明，源和汇的空间排列如何对定义半自然生态系统的 NH₃风险至关重要。这些空间关系为减少大气 NH₃对环境的影响提供了地方空间规划方法的基础。
