Chandler P J, Hill S D
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990 Aug;86(2):352-4. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199008000-00029.
Inverted nipples are cosmetically unpleasing to the patient and can become inflamed due to mechanical difficulty with cleaning the nipple-areola complex. A surgical technique for the permanent repair of inverted nipples is described. The rationale for the surgical approach is that the major pathophysiologic basis for nipple inversion is shortened lactiferous ducts. Briefly outlined, under local anesthesia, the nipple is everted with a skin hook and held in gentle traction while a small incision is made on each side at the nipple-areola junction. Breast ducts are then divided by sharp dissection, and a drain is inserted through the tunnel under the nipple. The drain is removed in 7 to 10 days. The patient must be informed before the procedure that breast-feeding will not be possible afterward because breast ducts will be permanently divided. Advantages to the procedure are (1) no scars on the areola, (2) no stricture from sutures, (3) adequate blood and nerve supply to the nipple, and (4) decreased risk of hematoma.
乳头内陷会给患者带来美观问题，并且由于清洁乳头乳晕复合体存在机械困难，乳头可能会发炎。本文描述了一种用于永久性修复乳头内陷的手术技术。该手术方法的理论依据是，乳头内陷的主要病理生理基础是输乳管缩短。简要概述如下，在局部麻醉下，用皮肤钩将乳头外翻并保持轻柔牵引，同时在乳头乳晕交界处两侧各做一个小切口。然后通过锐性解剖分离乳腺导管，并通过乳头下方的隧道插入一根引流管。引流管在7至10天内拔除。术前必须告知患者，术后将无法进行母乳喂养，因为乳腺导管将被永久性切断。该手术的优点包括：（1）乳晕无瘢痕；（2）无缝线狭窄；（3）乳头有充足的血液和神经供应；（4）血肿风险降低。
