Wolfort F G, Marshall K A, Cochran T C
Ann Plast Surg. 1978 May;1(3):294-7. doi: 10.1097/00000637-197805000-00008.
The inverted nipple has been attributed to hypodevelopment of both nipple and areolomamillary musculature. A number of procedures have been devised to correct this deformity for the purposes of nursing and also for cosmesis. Excision of the entire areola, myotomy of areolomamillary bundles, and partial areolar excision in apposing quadrant triangles have all been used. An operative technique has been designed reflecting some of the older methods and an innovation utilizing areolar V-Y plasties and purse-string sutures to the nipple base for support. This method avoids excision and consequent extensive scarring of the areola. This procedure has been found to have satisfactory functional and cosmetic results in clinical trials to date.
乳头内陷被认为是乳头和乳晕乳头肌发育不全所致。为了哺乳和美观的目的，已经设计了许多手术方法来矫正这种畸形。切除整个乳晕、乳晕乳头束肌切开术以及在相对象限三角形中进行部分乳晕切除术都曾被采用。一种手术技术被设计出来，它反映了一些较老的方法，并创新地利用乳晕V-Y整形术和乳头基部的荷包缝合来提供支撑。这种方法避免了乳晕的切除及随之而来的广泛瘢痕形成。迄今为止，在临床试验中发现该手术具有令人满意的功能和美容效果。
