Diagnostik & Differentielle Psychologie, Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2013;13(3):249-55. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2011.606841. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
Children born shortly after the cut-off date applying for age grouping in minor sports profit from being able to remain for almost an additional year in their respective age group compared to those born later in the same year. A shift of the cut-off date in German youth soccer in 1997 allowed us to investigate the effect of a favourable relative age as well as the effect of a change of the cut-off date on the birth-date distribution of soccer players in the Bundesliga (Division 1), the highest professional soccer league in Germany. Both the cut-off date and the change of the cut-off date exerted a significant influence on the composition of professional senior squads. In the 1997/98 season, there was an overrepresentation of players profiting from the old cut-off date of 1 August. In the 2007/08 season, 10 years after the change of the cut-off date, there was an overrepresentation of players born shortly after the new cut-off date of 1 January. This pattern of results shows that owing to the cut-off dates applying in youth soccer, the date of birth of young players systematically influences their later professional success and career.
对于申请参加少年体育比赛的孩子来说，刚过截止日期出生的孩子比同年晚出生的孩子更能在各自的年龄组中多待将近一年。1997 年，德国青年足球的截止日期发生了变化，这使我们能够研究有利的相对年龄的影响，以及截止日期的变化对德国最高职业足球联赛德甲联赛中足球运动员出生日期分布的影响。截止日期和截止日期的变化都对职业高级阵容的构成产生了重大影响。在 1997/98 赛季，受益于 8 月 1 日旧截止日期的球员人数过多。在 2007/08 赛季，即截止日期变更 10 年后，受益于 1 月 1 日新截止日期的球员人数过多。这种结果模式表明，由于青年足球的截止日期，年轻球员的出生日期系统地影响着他们以后的职业成功和职业生涯。
