Koret Foundation Center for Veterinary Genetics of the Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Anim Breed Genet. 2013 Jun;130(3):236-48. doi: 10.1111/jbg.12017. Epub 2012 Dec 6.
Genetic diversity was compared among eight dog breeds selected primarily for conformation (Standard Poodle, Italian Greyhound and show English Setter), conformation and performance (Brittany), predominantly performance (German Shorthaired and Wirehaired Pointers) or solely performance (field English Setter and Red Setter). Modern village dogs, which better reflect ancestral genetic diversity, were used as the standard. Four to seven maternal and one to two Y haplotypes were found per breed, with one usually dominant. Diversity of maternal haplotypes was greatest in village dogs, intermediate in performance breeds and lowest in conformation breeds. Maternal haplotype sharing occurred across all breeds, while Y haplotypes were more breed specific. Almost all paternal haplotypes were identified among village dogs, with the exception of the dominant Y haplotype in Brittanys, which has not been identified heretofore. The highest heterozygosity based on 24 autosomal microsatellites was found in village dogs and the lowest in conformation (show) breeds. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that conformation-type breeds were distinct from breeds heavily used for performance, the latter clustering more closely with village dogs. The Brittany, a well-established dual show and field breed, was also genetically intermediate between the conformation and performance breeds. The number of DLA-DRB1 alleles varied from 3 to 10 per breed with extensive sharing. SNPs across the wider DLA region were more frequently homozygous in all pure breeds than in village dogs. Compared with their village dog relatives, all modern breed dogs exhibit reduced genetic diversity. Genetic diversity was even more reduced among breeds under selection for show/conformation.
比较了 8 种主要用于体型（标准贵宾犬、意大利灵缇犬和展示型英国塞特犬）、体型和性能（布列塔尼犬）、主要用于性能（德国短毛指示猎犬和刚毛指示猎犬）或仅用于性能（野外型英国塞特犬和红色塞特犬）的犬种之间的遗传多样性。现代乡村犬被用作标准，以更好地反映祖先的遗传多样性。每个品种发现 4 到 7 个母系单倍型和 1 到 2 个 Y 单倍型，其中一个通常占主导地位。母系单倍型多样性在乡村犬中最大，在性能品种中居中，在体型品种中最低。所有品种都存在母系单倍型共享，而 Y 单倍型则更具品种特异性。除了布列塔尼犬中尚未确定的主导 Y 单倍型外，几乎所有的父系单倍型都在乡村犬中被鉴定出来。基于 24 个常染色体微卫星的最高杂合度出现在乡村犬中，最低的出现在体型（表演）品种中。主坐标分析表明，体型型品种与主要用于性能的品种明显不同，后者与乡村犬聚类更为紧密。布列塔尼犬是一种成熟的双重表演和野外品种，其遗传特征也在体型和性能品种之间。每个品种的 DLA-DRB1 等位基因数量从 3 到 10 个不等，且广泛共享。所有纯种犬的 wider DLA 区域的 SNP 比乡村犬更频繁地纯合。与它们的乡村犬亲属相比，所有现代犬种的遗传多样性都有所降低。在选择用于表演/体型的品种中，遗传多样性的降低更为明显。
