Løhre A, Grimsmo A
PP-tjenesten Surnadal.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1990 May 20;110(13):1651-4.
The Norwegian Government has decided to reform the care of the mentally retarded by closing the institutions and by placing the whole responsibility for all mentally retarded with the local authorities. The idea is to integrate the mentally retarded into the community in order to normalize their living conditions. A survey on the demand for housing, work, schooling, leisure activities and home support was carried out in order to establish the consequences of the reform. 3/4 of the whole group are adults, and both the group now living at home and the group in institutions will need new housing, either individually or in small groups. The same groups will have to be offered specially adopted work. Several have never attended school or at most have very incomplete schooling compared with what the law prescribes. Offers of leisure activities and home support will have to be expanded by three or four times the present level. An important finding was that the group who lived at home were in greatest need of the care and activities for which the local authorities will be responsible. They have very old parents and for many of them the situation will soon become critical. The reform will have large economic consequences, and the Government is willing to pay only a part of these costs.
挪威政府已决定通过关闭机构并将所有智障人士的全部责任交由地方当局承担，来改革对智障人士的照料。其理念是将智障人士融入社区，以使他们的生活条件正常化。为了确定改革的影响，开展了一项关于住房、工作、教育、休闲活动和家庭支持需求的调查。整个群体中有四分之三是成年人，目前住在家里的群体和住在机构里的群体都将需要新的住房，无论是单独居住还是小群体居住。同样的群体必须得到特别安排的工作。与法律规定相比，有几个人从未上过学，或者最多只接受过非常不完整的教育。休闲活动和家庭支持的提供必须扩大到目前水平的三到四倍。一个重要的发现是，住在家里的群体最需要地方当局将负责的照料和活动。他们的父母年纪很大，对他们中的许多人来说，情况很快就会变得危急。改革将产生巨大的经济影响，而政府只愿意承担这些费用的一部分。
