连锁餐厅的菜单标签规定和购买的卡路里。

Menu labeling regulations and calories purchased at chain restaurants.

机构信息

Public Health Department of Seattle and King County, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Section, 401 5th Avenue, Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

出版信息

Am J Prev Med. 2013 Jun;44(6):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.031.

DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.031

PMID:23683977

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The federal menu labeling law will require chain restaurants to post caloric information on menus, but the impact of labeling is uncertain.

PURPOSE

The goal of the current study was to examine the effect of menu labeling on calories purchased, and secondarily, to assess self-reported awareness and use of labels.

DESIGN

Single-community pre-post-post cross-sectional study. Data were collected in 2008-2010 and analyzed in 2011-2012.

SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: 50 sites from 10 chain restaurants in King County, Washington, selected through stratified, two-stage cluster random sampling. A total of 7325 customers participated. Eligibility criteria were: being an English speaker, aged ≥ 14 years, and having an itemized receipt. The study population was 59% male, 76% white non-Hispanic, and 53% aged<40 years.

INTERVENTION

A regulation requiring chain restaurants to post calorie information on menus or menu boards was implemented.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Mean number of calories purchased.

RESULTS

No significant changes occurred between baseline and 4-6 months postregulation. Mean calories per purchase decreased from 908.5 to 870.4 at 18 months post-implementation (38 kcal, 95% CI=-76.9, 0.8, p=0.06) in food chains and from 154.3 to 132.1 (22 kcal, 95% CI=-35.8, -8.5, p=0.002) in coffee chains. Calories decreased in taco and coffee chains, but not in burger and sandwich establishments. They decreased more among women than men in coffee chains. Awareness of labels increased from 18.8% to 61.7% in food chains and from 4.4% to 30.0% in coffee chains (both p<0.001). Among customers seeing calorie information, the proportion using it (about one third) did not change substantially over time. After implementation, food chain customers using information purchased on average fewer calories compared to those seeing but not using (difference=143.2 kcal, p<0.001) and those not seeing (difference=135.5 kcal, p<0.001) such information.

CONCLUSIONS

Mean calories per purchase decreased 18 months after implementation of menu labeling in some restaurant chains and among women but not men.

摘要

背景

联邦菜单标签法将要求连锁餐厅在菜单上公布卡路里信息，但标签的影响尚不确定。

目的

本研究的目的是检验菜单标签对购买卡路里的影响，其次是评估标签的知晓度和使用情况。

设计

单社区前后交叉研究。数据于 2008-2010 年收集，于 2011-2012 年进行分析。

地点/参与者：华盛顿州金县 10 家连锁餐厅的 50 个地点，通过分层、两阶段聚类随机抽样选择。共有 7325 名顾客参与。入选标准为：英语使用者，年龄≥14 岁，有详细收据。研究人群中 59%为男性，76%为白种非西班牙裔，53%年龄<40 岁。

干预措施

实施了一项要求连锁餐厅在菜单或菜单板上公布卡路里信息的规定。

主要观察指标

购买的卡路里平均数。

结果

在法规实施后 4-6 个月内，没有明显变化。实施后 18 个月时，食物连锁店每笔购买的卡路里均值从 908.5 降至 870.4（38 千卡，95%置信区间=-76.9，0.8，p=0.06），咖啡连锁店从 154.3 降至 132.1（22 千卡，95%置信区间=-35.8，-8.5，p=0.002）。在玉米卷和咖啡连锁店中，卡路里减少，但在汉堡和三明治店中没有。在咖啡连锁店中，女性的卡路里摄入量比男性减少更多。食物连锁店的标签知晓率从 18.8%上升至 61.7%，咖啡连锁店从 4.4%上升至 30.0%（均 p<0.001）。在看到卡路里信息的顾客中，使用信息的比例（约三分之一）在一段时间内没有实质性变化。实施后，与不看或不使用信息的顾客相比（差值=143.2 千卡，p<0.001），与不看信息的顾客相比（差值=135.5 千卡，p<0.001），使用信息的食物连锁店顾客购买的平均卡路里更少。