Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013 Aug;45(8):1629-32. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 May 16.
Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid signals that are produced at their sites of action by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, the targets of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and PG-type specific synthases. Active PGs serve as ligands for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The functions of PGs have largely been elucidated using pharmacologic, expression-based (synthesis and signaling components), and genetic studies. In this review, we discuss the in vivo roles of PGs in cancer, development, and reproduction that have been characterized using genetic knockout/knockdown and overexpression approaches in mice, zebrafish, and invertebrate model systems, and how pharmacologic inhibition of PG synthesis affects cardiovascular health/disease and cancer incidence and progression.
前列腺素（PGs）是脂质信号分子，由环氧化酶（COX）酶在其作用部位产生，COX 酶也是非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）的作用靶点，同时也是 PG 型特异性合成酶的作用靶点。活性 PGs 作为 G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）的配体。PG 的功能主要通过药理学、基于表达的（合成和信号成分）以及遗传研究来阐明。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用遗传敲除/敲低和过表达方法在小鼠、斑马鱼和无脊椎动物模型系统中表征的 PGs 在癌症、发育和生殖中的体内作用，以及 PG 合成的药理学抑制如何影响心血管健康/疾病和癌症的发生率和进展。
