Institute of Civil Aviation, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
Sensors (Basel). 2013 May 17;13(5):6636-50. doi: 10.3390/s130506636.
The current trend of the civil aviation technology is to modernize the legacy air traffic control (ATC) system that is mainly supported by many ground based navigation aids to be the new air traffic management (ATM) system that is enabled by global positioning system (GPS) technology. Due to the low receiving power of GPS signal, it is a major concern to aviation authorities that the operation of the ATM system might experience service interruption when the GPS signal is jammed by either intentional or unintentional radio-frequency interference. To maintain the normal operation of the ATM system during the period of GPS outage, the use of the current radar system is proposed in this paper. However, the tracking performance of the current radar system could not meet the required performance of the ATM system, and an enhanced tracking algorithm, the interacting multiple model and probabilistic data association filter (IMMPDAF), is therefore developed to support the navigation and surveillance services of the ATM system. The conventional radar tracking algorithm, the nearest neighbor Kalman filter (NNKF), is used as the baseline to evaluate the proposed radar tracking algorithm, and the real flight data is used to validate the IMMPDAF algorithm. As shown in the results, the proposed IMMPDAF algorithm could enhance the tracking performance of the current aviation radar system and meets the required performance of the new ATM system. Thus, the current radar system with the IMMPDAF algorithm could be used as an alternative system to continue aviation navigation and surveillance services of the ATM system during GPS outage periods.
目前，民航技术的发展趋势是将主要依赖于众多地面导航辅助设施的传统空中交通管制（ATC）系统现代化，转变为利用全球定位系统（GPS）技术的新型空中交通管理（ATM）系统。由于 GPS 信号的接收功率较低，航空管理部门主要关注的问题是，当 ATM 系统的 GPS 信号受到有意或无意的射频干扰而被阻塞时，该系统的运行可能会中断。为了在 GPS 失效期间维持 ATM 系统的正常运行，本文提出使用当前的雷达系统。然而，当前雷达系统的跟踪性能无法满足 ATM 系统的要求，因此开发了增强的跟踪算法，即交互多模型和概率数据关联滤波器（IMMPDAF），以支持 ATM 系统的导航和监视服务。传统的雷达跟踪算法，最近邻卡尔曼滤波器（NNKF），被用作评估所提出的雷达跟踪算法的基准，并使用实际飞行数据验证了 IMMPDAF 算法。结果表明，所提出的 IMMPDAF 算法可以增强当前航空雷达系统的跟踪性能，满足新的 ATM 系统的要求。因此，具有 IMMPDAF 算法的当前雷达系统可以作为替代系统，在 GPS 失效期间继续提供 ATM 系统的航空导航和监视服务。
