Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Prevention Implementation Methodology for Drug Abuse & Sexual Risk Behavior, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Am Psychol. 2013 May-Jun;68(4):286-99. doi: 10.1037/a0032917.
The HIV epidemic continues to disproportionately affect ethnic minority youth. These disconcerting health disparities indicate that although existing HIV preventive strategies for ethnic minority youth have been efficacious, they have not significantly reduced the impact of the epidemic in this population. Macro-level interventions, such as structural or policy interventions, have the potential to impact the HIV epidemic at a population level, and thus reduce the HIV health disparities that exist among ethnic minority youth and other segments of the U.S. population. This article calls for a paradigm shift to develop, evaluate, and disseminate interventions that target upstream/macro-level factors or that, at a minimum, integrate both a macro and individual level perspective. The article also discusses the challenges in developing and evaluating such interventions. Psychologists and other behavioral scientists can play a critical role in reducing the impact of HIV on ethnic minority youth by integrating macro-level approaches to future HIV prevention strategies.
艾滋病毒疫情继续不成比例地影响少数族裔青年。这些令人不安的健康差距表明，尽管现有的少数族裔青年艾滋病毒预防策略已经有效，但它们并没有显著减少该人群中疫情的影响。宏观层面的干预措施，如结构性或政策干预措施，有可能在人口层面上影响艾滋病毒疫情，从而减少少数族裔青年和美国其他人群中存在的艾滋病毒健康差距。本文呼吁转变范式，制定、评估和传播以针对上游/宏观因素为目标的干预措施，或者至少将宏观和个人层面的观点结合起来。本文还讨论了制定和评估此类干预措施所面临的挑战。心理学家和其他行为科学家可以通过将宏观层面的方法纳入未来的艾滋病毒预防策略，在减少艾滋病毒对少数族裔青年的影响方面发挥关键作用。
