Maizlish N, Rudolph L, Sutton P, Jones J R, Kizer K W
California Department of Health Services, Berkeley 94704.
Am J Public Health. 1990 Aug;80(8):931-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.80.8.931.
California medical laboratories that test for blood lead are required to report results exceeding 1.21 mumols/L (25 micrograms/dl). Between April and December 1987, the California Department of Health Services received 3,077 blood lead reports from 34 laboratories for 1,293 civilian, non-institutionalized adults. Approximately 1 percent of all reports exceeded 3.87 mumols/L (80 micrograms/dl), 7 percent exceeded 2.42 mumols/L (50 micrograms/dl), and 21 percent exceeded 1.93 mumols/L (40 micrograms/dl). Individuals tested were overwhelmingly male (94 percent), disproportionately Hispanic surnamed (44 percent), and most often residents of Los Angeles County (81 percent). Workers in lead smelting, battery manufacturing, and brass foundries accounted for nearly 80 percent of reports. Construction, radiator repair, pottery and ceramics manufacturing, and gun firing ranges accounted for the remainder. All adults with reports of greater than or equal to 2.90 mumols/L who were contacted reported on occupational exposure. Approximately half were not in routine medical monitoring programs. Despite OSHA standards, elevated blood lead with the potential for serious acute and chronic lead poisoning in California adults remains a significant public health and major occupational health concern.
加利福尼亚州要求进行血铅检测的医学实验室报告超过1.21微摩尔/升（25微克/分升）的检测结果。1987年4月至12月期间，加利福尼亚州卫生服务部收到了34家实验室针对1293名非机构化成年平民的3077份血铅报告。所有报告中约1%超过3.87微摩尔/升（80微克/分升），7%超过2.42微摩尔/升（50微克/分升），21%超过1.93微摩尔/升（40微克/分升）。接受检测的个体绝大多数为男性（94%），西班牙裔姓氏比例过高（44%），且大多是洛杉矶县居民（81%）。铅冶炼、电池制造和黄铜铸造厂的工人占报告的近80%。其余报告来自建筑、散热器维修、陶瓷制造和射击场。所有报告血铅水平大于或等于2.90微摩尔/升的成年人在被联系时均报告了职业接触情况。约一半人未参加常规医疗监测项目。尽管有职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）的标准，但加利福尼亚州成年人血铅水平升高，存在严重急性和慢性铅中毒的可能性，这仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题和主要的职业健康问题。
