Maizlish N, Rudolph L
California Department of Health Services, Berkeley.
Am J Public Health. 1993 Mar;83(3):402-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.3.402.
Follow-up of California blood lead registry reports, 95% of which are of occupationally exposed adults, can guide interventions at specific high-risk work sites and measure the impact of targeted, industry-specific interventions.
A protocol was implemented to follow up the most severe case reports (> or = 2.90 mumol/L) and establish a statistical database for descriptive analysis.
From 1987 through 1990, the California Department of Health Services received 17,951 reports for 4069 civilian, noninstitutionalized adults employed by at least 328 companies. Of 232 incident case subjects with severe lead toxicity (> or = 2.90 mumol/L), 182 were successfully traced and interviewed. Index case subjects were mostly male (95%) and disproportionately Hispanic (46%); 35% lived with children aged 7 or younger, and 10% had been hospitalized. Ninety-four percent involved overexposures at work sites that lacked medical removal (50%), ventilation (36%), appropriate respirators (62%), training (64%), clothing changes (45%), or showering (60%).
Well-known risk factors for occupational lead poisoning clustered at the work sites of index case subjects. Despite standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, lead overexposure in California adults remains a significant public and occupational health concern.
对加利福尼亚州血铅登记报告进行随访，其中95%为职业暴露的成年人，这可为特定高风险工作场所的干预措施提供指导，并衡量针对性的、特定行业干预措施的效果。
实施了一项方案，对最严重的病例报告（≥2.90 μmol/L）进行随访，并建立一个统计数据库用于描述性分析。
从1987年到1990年，加利福尼亚州卫生服务部收到了17951份报告，涉及至少328家公司雇佣的4069名平民、非机构化成年人。在232例严重铅中毒（≥2.90 μmol/L）的发病病例中，182例被成功追踪并接受了访谈。索引病例主要为男性（95%），西班牙裔比例过高（46%）；35%与7岁或以下儿童同住，10%曾住院治疗。94%的病例涉及在缺乏医疗撤离措施（50%）、通风设备（36%）、合适的呼吸器（62%）、培训（64%）、换洗衣物（45%）或淋浴设施（60%）的工作场所发生的过度暴露。
职业性铅中毒的知名风险因素集中在索引病例的工作场所。尽管有职业安全与健康管理局的标准，但加利福尼亚州成年人的铅过度暴露仍然是一个重大的公共卫生和职业健康问题。
