Process of Care Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Ann Fam Med. 2013 May-Jun;11(3):279-81. doi: 10.1370/afm.1506.
The movement toward accountable care organizations and patient-centered medical homes will increase with implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA will therefore give further impetus to the growing importance of teams in health care. Teams typically involve 2 or more people embedded in a larger social system who differentiate their roles, share common goals, interact with each other, and perform tasks affecting others. Multiple team types fit within this definition, and they all need support from leadership to succeed. Teams have been invoked as a necessary tool to address the needs of patients with multiple chronic conditions and to address medical workforce shortages. Invoking teams, however, is much easier than making them function effectively, so we need to consider the implications of the growing emphasis on teams. Although the ACA will spur team development, organizational leadership must use what we know now to train, support, and incentivize team function. Meanwhile, we must also advance research regarding teams in health care to give those leaders more evidence to guide their work.
随着平价医疗法案（ACA）的实施，向问责制医疗组织和以患者为中心的医疗之家的转变将会增加。因此，ACA 将进一步推动团队在医疗保健中的重要性日益增强。团队通常涉及 2 个或更多嵌入在更大的社会系统中的人，他们区分角色，共享共同目标，相互作用，并执行影响他人的任务。多种团队类型符合这一定义，它们都需要领导力的支持才能取得成功。团队已被视为解决患有多种慢性病的患者的需求和解决医疗劳动力短缺问题的必要工具。然而，呼吁团队的参与要比使它们有效地发挥作用容易得多，因此我们需要考虑日益强调团队的影响。尽管 ACA 将促进团队的发展，但组织领导层必须利用我们现在所知道的知识来培训、支持和激励团队的运作。同时，我们还必须推进医疗保健领域的团队研究，为这些领导者提供更多的证据来指导他们的工作。
