Van Gramberg Jenna L, de Veer Michael J, O'Hehir Robyn E, Meeusen Els N T, Bischof Robert J
Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
J Allergy (Cairo). 2013;2013:635695. doi: 10.1155/2013/635695. Epub 2013 Apr 11.
Food allergy is an emerging epidemic that affects all age groups, with the highest prevalence rates being reported amongst Western countries such as the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and Australia. The development of animal models to test various food allergies has been beneficial in allowing more rapid and extensive investigations into the mechanisms involved in the allergic pathway, such as predicting possible triggers as well as the testing of novel treatments for food allergy. Traditionally, small animal models have been used to characterise immunological pathways, providing the foundation for the development of numerous allergy models. Larger animals also merit consideration as models for food allergy as they are thought to more closely reflect the human allergic state due to their physiology and outbred nature. This paper will discuss the use of animal models for the investigation of the major food allergens; cow's milk, hen's egg, and peanut/other tree nuts, highlight the distinguishing features of each of these models, and provide an overview of how the results from these trials have improved our understanding of these specific allergens and food allergy in general.
食物过敏是一种正在出现的流行病，影响所有年龄组，据报道，在美国、英国和澳大利亚等西方国家患病率最高。开发用于测试各种食物过敏的动物模型有助于更快速、广泛地研究过敏途径所涉及的机制，例如预测可能的触发因素以及测试食物过敏的新疗法。传统上，小型动物模型已被用于表征免疫途径，为众多过敏模型的开发奠定了基础。较大型动物也值得作为食物过敏模型来考虑，因为由于它们的生理特征和非近亲繁殖特性，人们认为它们能更紧密地反映人类过敏状态。本文将讨论使用动物模型来研究主要食物过敏原——牛奶、鸡蛋以及花生/其他坚果，突出每种模型的显著特征，并概述这些试验的结果如何增进了我们对这些特定过敏原以及一般食物过敏的理解。
