Gonzales-González Victoria Alejandra, Díaz Adolfo Martin, Fernández Karla, Rivera María Félix
1Division of Epidemiology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazán, Honduras.
Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Hospital María de Especialidades Pediátricas, Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazán, Honduras.
Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018 Jun 18;14:23. doi: 10.1186/s13223-018-0245-x. eCollection 2018.
Food allergy is a public health problem that has increased in the last decade. Despite the increasing rates in children, quality data on the burden of these diseases is lacking particularly in developing countries. Honduras has no studies in pediatric patients.
The objective of this research was to identify the most common sensitization patterns to food through epicutaneous skin testing and food allergy rates in children and their correlation with common allergic diseases in a group of patients from Hospital of Pediatrics Maria.
Cross-sectional retrospective, descriptive study in which records and database of all allergic patients in the immunology outpatient clinic from Hospital of Pediatrics Maria were reviewed between the periods of January 2015 through June 2016.
A total of 365 children were analyzed, the age of participants were in the range from 1 to 18 years, with an average of 9.8 years. Sensitization to food allergens were found in 23, and 58.3% were poly-sensitized. The most common food allergens that patients were sensitized to: milk 9.0%, eggs 6.9%, peanut 4.9% and pork meat 4.4%. Food allergy was confirmed via oral food challenged in 9.3% of the patients. The most frequent food allergies found were: cow's milk allergy 6%, hen's egg allergy 5.2% and wheat allergy 1.9%.
Milk and egg were the most common a food allergens found in the population studied. Most of the patients were found to be poly-sensitized. The frequent food allergies confirmed via oral food challenge were cow's milk allergy, hen's egg allergy and wheat allergy.
食物过敏是一个公共卫生问题，在过去十年中有所增加。尽管儿童发病率在上升，但关于这些疾病负担的高质量数据尤其在发展中国家仍然缺乏。洪都拉斯尚无针对儿科患者的研究。
本研究的目的是通过皮内皮肤试验确定儿童对食物的最常见致敏模式、食物过敏率及其与玛丽亚儿科医院一组患者常见过敏性疾病的相关性。
采用横断面回顾性描述性研究，对2015年1月至2016年6月期间玛丽亚儿科医院免疫门诊所有过敏患者的记录和数据库进行回顾。
共分析了365名儿童，参与者年龄在1至18岁之间，平均年龄为9.8岁。发现23名儿童对食物过敏原致敏，其中58.3%为多敏性。患者最常见的致敏食物过敏原为：牛奶9.0%、鸡蛋6.9%、花生4.9%和猪肉4.4%。9.3%的患者通过口服食物激发试验确诊为食物过敏。最常见的食物过敏为：牛奶过敏6%、鸡蛋过敏5.2%和小麦过敏1.9%。
在所研究的人群中，牛奶和鸡蛋是最常见的食物过敏原。大多数患者被发现为多敏性。通过口服食物激发试验确诊的常见食物过敏为牛奶过敏、鸡蛋过敏和小麦过敏。
