Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
New Phytol. 2013 Sep;199(4):879-894. doi: 10.1111/nph.12323. Epub 2013 May 21.
Phytonematodes use a stylet and secreted effectors to modify host cells and ingest nutrients to support their growth and development. The molecular function of nematode effectors is currently the subject of intense investigation. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of nematode effectors, with a particular focus on proteinaceous stylet-secreted effectors of sedentary endoparasitic phytonematodes, for which a wealth of information has surfaced in the past 10 yr. We provide an update on the effector repertoires of several of the most economically important genera of phytonematodes and discuss current approaches to dissecting their function. Lastly, we highlight the latest breakthroughs in effector discovery that promise to shed new light on effector diversity and function across the phylum Nematoda.
植物线虫利用口针和分泌的效应物来改变宿主细胞并摄取营养物质，以支持其生长和发育。目前，线虫效应物的分子功能是研究的热点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们目前对线虫效应物的理解，特别是针对固着内寄生植物线虫的蛋白质类口针分泌效应物，在过去 10 年中，这方面已经有了大量的信息。我们提供了一些经济上最重要的植物线虫属的效应子库的最新更新，并讨论了目前用于剖析其功能的方法。最后，我们强调了效应子发现的最新突破，这些突破有望揭示整个线虫门中效应子多样性和功能的新亮点。
