Witt Jessica K, Sugovic Mila
Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2013 Jul;143(3):284-91. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.04.011. Epub 2013 May 18.
We examined whether perception of a threatening object - a spider - was more accurate than of a non-threatening object. An accurate perception could promote better survival than a biased perception. However, if biases encourage faster responses and more appropriate behaviors, then under the right circumstances, perceptual biases could promote better survival. We found that spiders appeared to be moving faster than balls and ladybugs. Furthermore, the perceiver's ability to act on the object also influenced perceived speed: the object looked faster when it was more difficult to block. Both effects--the threat of the object and the perceiver's blocking abilities--acted independently from each other. The results suggest effects of multiple types of affordances on perception of speed.
我们研究了对威胁性物体——蜘蛛——的感知是否比对非威胁性物体的感知更准确。准确的感知可能比有偏差的感知更有利于生存。然而，如果偏差能促进更快的反应和更恰当的行为，那么在适当的情况下，感知偏差可能更有利于生存。我们发现蜘蛛看起来比球和瓢虫移动得更快。此外，感知者对物体采取行动的能力也会影响感知到的速度：当物体更难被阻挡时，它看起来移动得更快。这两种效应——物体的威胁性和感知者的阻挡能力——彼此独立起作用。结果表明多种可供性对速度感知有影响。
