Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Obes Res Clin Pract. 2013 May-Jun;7(3):e218-29. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.12.004.
To verify the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia according to sexual maturation stages and its association with overweight as well as excessive body fat in adolescents.
A school-based cross-sectional study was performed. Anemia was assessed by measuring the hemoglobin level (Hb). Nutritional status was defined by sex and age specific body mass index (BMI) cutoffs, and body fat (BF) was determined by bioelectrical impedance. Sexual maturation was assessed by breasts/genitalia and pubic hair development stages. Statistical analyses considered the effect of cluster sampling design (classes) and sampling expansion corrected by relative weight. Odds ratio and general linear modeling were used to assess the associations, regarding the value of p < 0.05 for statistical significance.
Public schools in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Probabilistic sample of 707 teenagers between 11.0 and 19.9 years old.
The prevalence of anemia among the adolescents was 22.8% (95%CI 16.7-30.2%), higher among girls than among boys (30.9% vs. 10.9%; p < 0.01). The chance of developing anemia did not change with the nutritional status according BMI or BF percentage, however, overweight girls presented lower Hb levels than those who were not overweight (12.2 g/dL vs. 12.8 g/dL, p < 0.01). In boys this association was not observed. Sexual maturation did not change the association of Hb and anemia with overweight and excessive body fat.
The reduction of Hb levels points at overweight as a risk factor for the development of iron deficiency among adolescents.
根据性成熟阶段验证缺铁性贫血的患病率及其与超重和青少年体脂肪过多的关系。
这是一项基于学校的横断面研究。通过测量血红蛋白（Hb）水平来评估贫血。营养状况通过性别和年龄特异性体重指数（BMI）切点来定义，体脂肪（BF）通过生物电阻抗来确定。性成熟通过乳房/生殖器和阴毛发育阶段来评估。统计分析考虑了聚类抽样设计（班级）的影响，并通过相对权重进行了抽样扩展校正。使用比值比和广义线性模型评估关联，p 值<0.05 为统计学显著。
巴西里约热内卢大都市区的公立学校。
11.0 至 19.9 岁之间的 707 名青少年的概率样本。
青少年贫血患病率为 22.8%（95%CI 16.7-30.2%），女孩高于男孩（30.9%比 10.9%；p<0.01）。根据 BMI 或 BF 百分比，营养状况与发生贫血的几率没有变化，然而，超重女孩的 Hb 水平低于非超重女孩（12.2 g/dL 比 12.8 g/dL，p<0.01）。在男孩中没有观察到这种关联。性成熟并没有改变 Hb 和贫血与超重和体脂肪过多的关系。
Hb 水平的降低表明超重是青少年缺铁性贫血发展的一个危险因素。
