Boufraqech Myriem, Patel Dhaval, Xiong Yin, Kebebew Electron
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Endocrine Oncology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Expert Opin Med Diagn. 2013 Jul;7(4):331-42. doi: 10.1517/17530059.2013.800481. Epub 2013 May 23.
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer in the USA and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and cytologic analysis is the most cost-effective approach to distinguish between malignant and benign thyroid nodules. However, up to 30% of thyroid FNA biopsy results are inconclusive.
In this article, the authors provide an update on the current status and emerging approaches for improving thyroid cancer diagnosis. This review covers imaging, genetic and genomic approaches being used or in development to help distinguish between malignant and benign thyroid nodules.
There has been considerable progress in improving thyroid cancer diagnosis. The molecular markers analysis to avoid diagnostic surgeries seems to be promising. However, the clinical utility and accuracy of some markers reported in this review are not conclusive and need to be validated as clinical diagnostic tool.
甲状腺癌是美国最常见的内分泌癌，其发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。甲状腺细针穿刺活检（FNA）及细胞学分析是区分甲状腺恶性和良性结节最具成本效益的方法。然而，高达30%的甲状腺FNA活检结果尚无定论。
在本文中，作者提供了关于甲状腺癌诊断现状及新兴改进方法的最新信息。本综述涵盖了正在使用或正在研发的用于帮助区分甲状腺恶性和良性结节的成像、遗传和基因组方法。
在改善甲状腺癌诊断方面已取得了相当大的进展。通过分子标志物分析避免诊断性手术似乎很有前景。然而，本综述中报道的一些标志物的临床实用性和准确性尚无定论，需要作为临床诊断工具进行验证。
