Hove K, Pedersen O, Garmo T H, Hansen H S, Staaland H
Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway.
Health Phys. 1990 Aug;59(2):189-92. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199008000-00004.
Transfer of radiocesium from vegetation to milk was studied in dairy goats grazing heavily contaminated mountain pasture in southern Norway in the years following the Chernobyl accident. Radiocesium activity in milk and green vegetation remained stable throughout 1986 and 1987. In 1988, a sudden three- to fivefold increase in milk radioactivity occurred during the second half of the summer. Whole-body content of radioactivity in sheep and reindeer also increased rapidly. This coincided with an abundant growth of fungal fruit bodies with radiocesium levels up to 100 times higher than green vegetation. Fungal radiocesium was found to be highly available in a digestibility study with goats. Milk radioactivity levels in the field could be accounted for by consumption of as little as 20-100 g d-1 of fungal dry matter (DM). The importance of fungal fruit bodies in transferring radiocesium to ruminants was further substantiated by comparing meat activities in grazing ruminants in 1988 and 1989. Fungal fruit bodies were present in minor quantities in 1989, and radioactivity levels in sheep and reindeer in August-September were only 28-35% of those in 1988. This ability of fungi to mobilize radiocesium from natural soils and transfer the isotopes into the human food chain greatly enhances the vulnerability of food production in natural ecosystems to radiocesium pollution.
切尔诺贝利事故后的几年里，在挪威南部严重受污染的山区牧场放牧的奶山羊身上，研究了放射性铯从植被向牛奶的转移情况。1986年和1987年全年，牛奶和绿色植被中的放射性铯活度保持稳定。1988年夏季下半年，牛奶中的放射性突然增加了三到五倍。绵羊和驯鹿体内的全身放射性含量也迅速增加。这与真菌子实体大量生长同时发生，其放射性铯含量比绿色植被高出100倍。在一项对山羊的消化率研究中发现，真菌中的放射性铯极易被吸收。在野外，每天仅消耗20 - 100克真菌干物质就能解释牛奶中的放射性水平。通过比较1988年和1989年放牧反刍动物的肉中的放射性，进一步证实了真菌子实体在将放射性铯转移到反刍动物体内的重要性。1989年真菌子实体数量较少，8月至9月绵羊和驯鹿体内的放射性水平仅为1988年的28% - 35%。真菌从天然土壤中 mobilize 放射性铯并将这些同位素转移到人类食物链中的这种能力，极大地增加了自然生态系统中粮食生产对放射性铯污染的脆弱性。 （注：原文中“mobilize”此处可能是“移动、转移、调动”等意思，结合语境暂译为“mobilize”，可根据准确含义调整）
