Luhn Patricia, Wentzensen Nicolas
Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD ; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.
Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep. 2013 Jun 1;2(2):76-85. doi: 10.1007/s13669-013-0040-0.
Current cervical cancer screening programs are changing due to the development of tests that detect the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), the cause of cervical cancer. These tests are more sensitive than cytology-based methods for detecting cervical precancer and a negative test offers long-term assurance that cervical cancer will not develop and therefore longer screening intervals can be achieved. In screening programs, HPV-based tests have been approved to triage women with equivocal cytology results and as a primary testing method in conjunction with cytology. HPV-based tests also have a role in determining risk of recurrence after treatment for cervical precancer as well as in surveillance for vaccine-related changes in HPV genotype prevalence.
由于检测人乳头瘤病毒（HPV，宫颈癌病因）的检测方法的发展，当前的宫颈癌筛查项目正在发生变化。这些检测方法在检测宫颈上皮内瘤变方面比基于细胞学的方法更敏感，一次阴性检测可提供宫颈癌不会发生的长期保证，因此可以实现更长的筛查间隔。在筛查项目中，基于HPV的检测已被批准用于对细胞学结果不明确的女性进行分流，并作为与细胞学联合使用的主要检测方法。基于HPV的检测在确定宫颈上皮内瘤变治疗后的复发风险以及监测HPV基因型流行率与疫苗相关的变化方面也发挥着作用。
