Tietze N S, Mulla M S
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1990 Jun;6(2):265-9.
The effectiveness of 5 tadpole shrimp (TPS) stocking rates to reduce cohorts of Culex tarsalis was studied in field microcosms (0.81-m2). Larval/pupal abundance in microcosms containing greater than 5 TPS/m2 was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that of controls lacking tadpole shrimp due to predation. Adult mosquito abundances captured in emergence units above the microcosms stocked with tadpole shrimp were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that of controls at rates greater than or equal to 10 TPS/m2. Tadpole shrimp growth during 17 days of this study was inversely proportional to their stocking rate, and a linear relationship between size and stocking rate was plotted. Tadpole shrimp stocking rates also influenced rate of mosquito development, causing significantly (P less than 0.05) shorter periods for 50% emergence where shrimp were present when compared with that of controls. Adult male Cx. tarsalis emerged significantly earlier then females in microcosms stocked at 5 TPS/m2, while no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences were detected between the sexes at the remaining predator stocking rates.
在0.81平方米的田间微观世界中，研究了5种鲎虫（TPS）放养率对减少致倦库蚊种群数量的效果。由于捕食作用，每平方米鲎虫数量大于5只的微观世界中，幼虫/蛹的丰度显著（P<0.05）低于没有鲎虫的对照组。在放养了鲎虫的微观世界上方的羽化单元中捕获的成年蚊子数量，在鲎虫放养率大于或等于每平方米10只时，显著（P<0.05）低于对照组。在本研究的17天中，鲎虫的生长与其放养率成反比，并绘制了大小与放养率之间的线性关系图。鲎虫放养率也影响蚊子的发育速度，与对照组相比，有鲎虫存在时，50%羽化所需的时间显著（P<0.05）缩短。在每平方米放养5只鲎虫的微观世界中，成年雄性致倦库蚊比雌性出现得更早，而在其余捕食者放养率下，两性之间未检测到显著（P>0.05）差异。
