Day Alex, Haj-Bakri Samer, Lubchansky Stephanie, Mehta Sangeeta
Crit Care. 2013 May 24;17(3):R91. doi: 10.1186/cc12736.
Family members of critically ill patients often experience increased incidence of physical and mental health issues. One of the first ways family members suffer is by losing sleep. The purpose of this study is to understand sleep quality, levels of fatigue and anxiety, and factors contributing to poor sleep in adult family members of critically ill patients.
A questionnaire was designed to evaluate sleep, fatigue and anxiety during the intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We incorporated three validated instruments: General Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS), Beck Anxiety Index (BAI) and Lee Fatigue Scale (NRS-F). Adult family members of patients in ICU for more than 24 hours were approached for questionnaire completion. Patient demographics were recorded.
The study population consisted of 94 respondents, (49.1 ± 12.9 years, 52.7% male); 43.6% were children and 21.3% were spouses of ICU patients. Sleep quality was rated as poor/very poor by 43.5% of respondents, and good/very good by 15.2%. The most common factors contributing to poor sleep were anxiety (43.6%), tension (28.7%) and fear (24.5%). Respondents' most common suggestions to improve sleep were more information regarding the patient's health (24.5%) and relaxation techniques (21.3%). Mean GSDS score was 38.2 ± 19.3, with 58.1% of respondents experiencing moderate to severe sleep disturbance. Mean BAI was 12.3 ± 10.2, with 20.7% of respondents experiencing moderate to severe anxiety. Mean NRS-F was 3.8 ± 2.5, with 57.6% of respondents experiencing moderate to high fatigue. Family members who spent one or more nights in the hospital had significantly higher GSDS, BAI and NRS-F scores. The patient's Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score at survey completion correlated significantly with family members' GSDS, BAI and NRS-F.
The majority of family members of ICU patients experience moderate to severe sleep disturbance and fatigue, and mild anxiety.
重症患者的家庭成员经常经历身心健康问题发生率的增加。家庭成员遭受痛苦的首要方式之一就是睡眠不足。本研究的目的是了解重症患者成年家庭成员的睡眠质量、疲劳和焦虑程度，以及导致睡眠不佳的因素。
设计了一份问卷，以评估重症监护病房（ICU）住院期间的睡眠、疲劳和焦虑情况。我们纳入了三种经过验证的工具：一般睡眠障碍量表（GSDS）、贝克焦虑指数（BAI）和李氏疲劳量表（NRS-F）。对在ICU住院超过24小时的患者的成年家庭成员进行问卷调查。记录患者的人口统计学数据。
研究人群包括94名受访者（年龄49.1±12.9岁，男性占52.7%）；43.6%是儿童，21.3%是ICU患者的配偶。43.5%的受访者将睡眠质量评为差/非常差，15.2%评为好/非常好。导致睡眠不佳的最常见因素是焦虑（43.6%）、紧张（28.7%）和恐惧（24.5%）。受访者改善睡眠的最常见建议是获取更多有关患者健康的信息（24.5%）和放松技巧（21.3%）。GSDS平均得分为38.2±19.3，58.1%的受访者经历中度至重度睡眠障碍。BAI平均分为12.3±10.2，20.7%的受访者经历中度至重度焦虑。NRS-F平均分为3.8±2.5，57.6%的受访者经历中度至高疲劳。在医院度过一个或多个夜晚的家庭成员的GSDS、BAI和NRS-F得分显著更高。调查完成时患者的急性生理与慢性健康评估（APACHE）II评分与家庭成员的GSDS、BAI和NRS-F显著相关。
大多数ICU患者的家庭成员经历中度至重度睡眠障碍和疲劳，以及轻度焦虑。
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