Cancer Research UK, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
FEBS J. 2013 Aug;280(15):3491-507. doi: 10.1111/febs.12358. Epub 2013 Jun 18.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular pathways, including, but not limited to, transcription, chromatin, DNA damage and other stress signalling. Similar to other tightly regulated post-translational modifications, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation employs 'writers', 'readers' and 'erasers' to confer regulatory functions. The generation of poly(ADP-ribose) is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymes, which use NAD(+) as a cofactor to sequentially transfer ADP-ribose units generating long polymers, which, in turn, can affect protein function or serve as a recruitment platform for additional factors. Historically, research has focused on poly(ADP-ribose) generation pathways, with knowledge about PAR recognition and degradation lagging behind. Over recent years, several discoveries have significantly furthered our understanding of poly(ADP-ribose) recognition and, even more so, of poly(ADP-ribose) degradation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the protein modules recognizing poly(ADP-ribose) and discuss the newest developments on the complete reversibility of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
聚（ADP-核糖）化参与多种细胞途径的调节，包括但不限于转录、染色质、DNA 损伤和其他应激信号。与其他受严格调控的翻译后修饰类似，聚（ADP-核糖）化利用“写入器”、“读取器”和“擦除器”赋予调节功能。聚（ADP-核糖）的生成由聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶酶催化，这些酶利用 NAD（+）作为辅助因子，依次转移 ADP-核糖单位，生成长聚合物，这些聚合物反过来可以影响蛋白质功能或作为招募其他因素的平台。从历史上看，研究一直集中在聚（ADP-核糖）生成途径上，对 PAR 识别和降解的了解滞后。近年来，几项发现极大地促进了我们对聚（ADP-核糖）识别的理解，甚至对聚（ADP-核糖）降解的理解也是如此。在这篇综述中，我们总结了当前关于识别聚（ADP-核糖）的蛋白质模块的知识，并讨论了聚（ADP-核糖基）化完全可逆性的最新进展。
