Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Hear Res. 2013 Aug;302:96-106. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.05.007. Epub 2013 May 25.
'Ecstasy' or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) is an amphetamine abused for its euphoric, empathogenic, hallucinatory, and stimulant effects. It is also used to treat certain psychiatric disorders. Common settings for Ecstasy use are nightclubs and "rave" parties where participants consume MDMA and dance to loud music. One concern with the club setting is that exposure to loud sounds can cause permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Another concern is that consumption of MDMA may enhance such hearing loss. Whereas this latter possibility has not been investigated, this study tested the hypothesis that MDMA enhances noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) by exposing rats to either MDMA, noise trauma, both MDMA and noise, or neither treatment. MDMA was given in a binge pattern of 5 mg/kg per intraperitoneal injections every 2 h for a total of four injections to animals in the two MDMA-treated groups (MDMA-only and Noise + MDMA). Saline injections were given to the animals in the two non-MDMA groups (Control and Noise-only). Following the final injection, noise trauma was induced by a 10 kHz tone at 120 dB SPL for 1 h to animals in the two noise trauma-treated groups (Noise-only and Noise + MDMA). Hearing loss was assessed by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and cochlear histology. Results showed that MDMA enhanced NIHL compared to Noise-only and that MDMA alone caused no hearing loss. This implies that "clubbers" and "rave-goers" are exacerbating the amount of NIHL when they consume MDMA and listen to loud sounds. In contrast to earlier reports, the present study found that MDMA by itself caused no changes in the click-evoked ABR's wave latencies or amplitudes.
“摇头丸”或 3,4-亚甲二氧基-N-甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）是一种苯丙胺类兴奋剂，因其欣快、共鸣、致幻和刺激作用而被滥用。它也用于治疗某些精神疾病。摇头丸的常见使用场所是夜总会和“锐舞”派对，参与者在那里服用 MDMA 并随着响亮的音乐跳舞。俱乐部环境的一个问题是，暴露在响亮的声音中会导致永久性感觉神经性听力损失。另一个问题是，服用 MDMA 可能会增强这种听力损失。虽然尚未研究这种可能性，但本研究通过将大鼠暴露于 MDMA、噪声创伤、MDMA 和噪声或两者均不治疗来检验 MDMA 通过增强噪声诱导的听力损失（NIHL）的假设。MDMA 以每 2 小时腹腔内注射 5mg/kg 的 binge 模式给予两个 MDMA 治疗组（MDMA 仅和噪声+MDMA）的动物（总共 4 次注射）。生理盐水注射给予两个非 MDMA 组（对照和仅噪声）的动物。在最后一次注射后，10 kHz 音调以 120 dB SPL 的强度对两个噪声创伤处理组（仅噪声和噪声+MDMA）的动物诱导噪声创伤 1 小时。听力损失通过听觉脑干反应（ABR）和耳蜗组织学评估。结果表明，与仅噪声相比，MDMA 增强了 NIHL，而 MDMA 本身不会引起听力损失。这意味着当“俱乐部人士”和“锐舞爱好者”在服用 MDMA 并听响亮的声音时，他们会加剧 NIHL 的程度。与早期报告相反，本研究发现 MDMA 本身不会改变点击诱发 ABR 的波潜伏期或幅度的变化。
