Mastoraki Aikaterini, Psarras Dionysios, Mastoraki Sotiria, Vassiliu Pantelis, Danias Nikolaos, Smyrniotis Vasilios, Arkadopoulos Nikolaos
4th Department of Surgery, Medical School, Athens University, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini str., 12462, Chaidari, Athens, Greece.
J Gastrointest Cancer. 2013 Sep;44(3):260-3. doi: 10.1007/s12029-013-9506-6.
Sarcomas are malignant tumors that arise from mesenchymal tissue at any of the body sites. They incorporate the wide category of GISTs and are classified in various histological types. Histological grading is another indicator of the degree of malignancy, the probability of distant metastases, and survival but remains a poor definition of local recurrence.
The size and depth of invasion are the most important prognostic factors. Since they grow within the intestinal wall, the symptoms are usually few or late, leading to delays in diagnosis. Most common signs are rectal bleeding, abdominal or anal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus and weight loss. The diagnostic and staging protocol of stromal tumors of the rectum includes mainly endoscopic surveillance, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, rectum sarcoma (RS) consists one of the most biologically virulent cancers and is difficult to cure by conventional procedures. The treatment is primarily surgical, where possible, and should guarantee complete clearance of the tumor, which often requires an aggressive approach. Unfortunately, the minority of patients is eligible to undergo surgical intervention. In addition, surgical removal of RS does not necessarily indicate a patient's long-term recovery. Alternative therapies, such as radio- and chemotherapy, proved insufficient. Elucidation of its molecular basis may prove useful in developing and identifying prognostic biomarkers.
肉瘤是起源于身体任何部位间叶组织的恶性肿瘤。它们包含广泛的胃肠道间质瘤（GISTs）类别，并分为多种组织学类型。组织学分级是恶性程度、远处转移概率和生存率的另一个指标，但对局部复发的定义仍然欠佳。
肿瘤大小和浸润深度是最重要的预后因素。由于它们在肠壁内生长，症状通常较少或出现较晚，导致诊断延迟。最常见的体征是直肠出血、腹部或肛门疼痛、腹泻、里急后重和体重减轻。直肠间质瘤的诊断和分期方案主要包括内镜监测、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像。因此，直肠肉瘤（RS）是生物学上最具侵袭性的癌症之一，难以通过传统方法治愈。治疗主要是手术治疗，在可能的情况下，应保证肿瘤完全清除，这通常需要积极的治疗方法。不幸的是，少数患者有资格接受手术干预。此外，手术切除RS并不一定意味着患者能长期康复。放射治疗和化疗等替代疗法已被证明效果不佳。阐明其分子基础可能有助于开发和识别预后生物标志物。
