Abegunde Kayode A, Owoaje Eme T
Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital Campus, Queen Elizabeth Road, Mokola, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Ann Afr Med. 2013 Apr-Jun;12(2):90-7. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.112398.
The increasing number of the elderly persons and their attendant health problems has implications on public health programs in developing countries. However, there is limited information on the elderly residing outside major cities in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine and compare prevalent health problems and associated risk factors in the elderly of urban and rural communities in Oyo State, Nigeria.
A comparative cross-sectional survey of consenting adults aged 60 years and above in Iseyin (urban) and Ilua (rural) communities of Oyo State in south-west, Nigeria. Using cluster sampling technique, a total of 630 respondents; 316 in the urban and 314 in the rural participated. Information was sought on the respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, life style, self-reported health problems. Anthropometric measurements and clinical examination including blood pressure measurements and visual acuity were conducted.
The mean age of urban respondents was 72.2 ± 9.5 years compared with 70.8 ± 8.1 years in the rural. There were more females (61.1%) than males (38.9%) in both the locations. Self-reported health problems in both locations were similar and included reduced sexual fulfillment, musculoskeletal problems such as muscular and low back pain. On clinical examination, the main health problems were visual impairment 58.7% in the urban versus 41.7% in the rural ( P < 0.001). Prevalence of hypertension among urban and rural respondents was 38.3% and 34.7%, respectively ( P = 0.35). Osteoarthritis was significantly higher 8.5% in urban than 3.2% obtained in rural ( P = 0.004v). On multivariate analysis, female gender, increasing body mass index, and low monthly income were significant predictors of hypertension in both locations.
Cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and visual noncommunicable diseases were prevalent in both elderly populations. Social conditions and gender play important role in the health status of the elderly.
老年人数量的增加及其伴随的健康问题对发展中国家的公共卫生项目产生了影响。然而，关于尼日利亚主要城市以外地区老年人的信息有限。因此，本研究旨在确定并比较尼日利亚奥约州城乡社区老年人中普遍存在的健康问题及相关危险因素。
对尼日利亚西南部奥约州伊塞因（城市）和伊卢阿（农村）社区60岁及以上的同意参与的成年人进行一项比较性横断面调查。采用整群抽样技术，共有630名受访者参与；其中城市316人，农村314人。收集了受访者的社会人口统计学特征、生活方式、自我报告的健康问题等信息。进行了人体测量和临床检查，包括血压测量和视力检查。
城市受访者的平均年龄为72.2±9.5岁，而农村为70.8±8.1岁。两个地区女性（61.1%）均多于男性（38.9%）。两个地区自我报告的健康问题相似，包括性满足感下降、肌肉骨骼问题如肌肉疼痛和腰痛等。临床检查发现，主要健康问题为视力障碍，城市为58.7%，农村为41.7%（P < 0.001）。城乡受访者中高血压患病率分别为38.3%和34.7%（P = 0.35）。骨关节炎在城市的患病率显著高于农村，分别为8.5%和3.2%（P = 0.004）。多因素分析显示，女性、体重指数增加和月收入低是两个地区高血压的重要预测因素。
心血管、肌肉骨骼和视觉方面的非传染性疾病在这两个老年人群体中都很普遍。社会状况和性别对老年人的健康状况起着重要作用。
