Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2013 May;122(2):558-65. doi: 10.1037/a0032390.
The cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to abnormalities in prefrontal-striatal-cerebellar networks, but the brain-behavioral correlates are relatively equivocal. Children with ADHD and healthy controls underwent MRI and neuropsychological testing. Brain cortical thickness was analyzed for the bilateral rostral and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Inhibitory control was assessed with the Stroop Inhibition test, and ADHD symptom severity was assessed with parent and teacher behavioral questionnaires. Brain-behavior relationships were calculated between cortical thickness and behavioral measures with regression models. Children with ADHD had significant cortical thinning in the right rostral ACC but nonsignificant thinning in right caudal, left caudal, or left rostral ACC compared with healthy control children after statistical correction for multiple comparisons. Further, right rostral ACC thickness predicted a significant amount of the variance in parent- and teacher-reported symptoms of ADHD. Exploratory analysis showed that cortical thickness was not related to psychostimulant medication history. Symptoms of ADHD may be related to reductions in cortical thickness in the right anterior attention network, a region implicated in behavioral error detection, impulsivity, and inhibitory control.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的病因与前额叶-纹状体-小脑网络的异常有关，但大脑-行为相关性尚存在争议。对 ADHD 儿童和健康对照组进行了 MRI 和神经心理学测试。对双侧额前扣带回皮质（ACC）的头侧和尾侧进行了皮质厚度分析。采用 Stroop 抑制测试评估抑制控制，采用家长和教师行为问卷评估 ADHD 症状严重程度。使用回归模型计算皮质厚度与行为测量之间的大脑-行为关系。经过多次比较的统计校正后，与健康对照组儿童相比，ADHD 儿童的右侧额前 ACC 存在显著的皮质变薄，而右侧尾侧、左侧尾侧或左侧额前 ACC 无明显变薄。此外，右侧额前 ACC 厚度可以显著预测家长和教师报告的 ADHD 症状的变异量。探索性分析表明，皮质厚度与精神兴奋剂药物史无关。ADHD 症状可能与右侧前注意网络的皮质厚度减少有关，该区域与行为错误检测、冲动和抑制控制有关。
