Grover Vishakha, Malhotra Ranjan, Kapoor Anoop, Singh Jasvinder, Sachdeva Sonia
Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, India.
Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2013 Feb;13(1):75-84. doi: 10.2174/18715265112129990034.
Periodontal diseases are comprised of a group of inflammatory conditions that result in the destruction of the supporting structures of the dentition. Emphasis has traditionally been placed on the deleterious actions of lipid mediators, such as prostanoids and leukotrienes, in propagating the inflammatory response and enhancing tissue destruction. Recently, the emerging understanding of the molecular basis of inflammation has elucidated that return of tissue homeostasis, triggered as part of a normal inflammatory response i.e. resolution of inflammation is an active, agonist-mediated, well-orchestrated phenomenon. The naturally-occurring pro-resolution lipid mediators, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins etc. have been identified as a novel genus of potent and stereoselective players that counter-regulate excessive acute inflammation and stimulate molecular and cellular events that define resolution. In this Review, we provide an update and overview of newly identified mediators that play pivotal roles in resolution and focus on the emerging appreciation of the endogenous pathways and mediators that control timely resolution which can be exploited as novel drug targets to extend the pharamaceutical armamentarium to combat chronic inflammation, thus controlling periodontal inflammation and the associated systemic inflammatory effects on the body, in general.
牙周疾病是一组炎症性病症，会导致牙列支持结构的破坏。传统上，人们一直强调脂质介质（如前列腺素和白三烯）在引发炎症反应和加剧组织破坏方面的有害作用。最近，对炎症分子基础的新认识阐明，作为正常炎症反应一部分引发的组织稳态恢复，即炎症消退，是一种活跃的、由激动剂介导的、精心编排的现象。已确定天然存在的促消退脂质介质，如脂氧素、消退素、保护素、maresin等，是一类新型的强效且具有立体选择性的参与者，它们可对抗过度的急性炎症，并刺激定义消退过程的分子和细胞事件。在本综述中，我们提供了新发现的在消退中起关键作用的介质的最新情况和概述，并关注对控制及时消退的内源性途径和介质的新认识，这些可作为新型药物靶点加以利用，以扩充药物库来对抗慢性炎症，从而总体上控制牙周炎症以及对身体相关的全身炎症影响。
