Fasanaro Pasquale, D'Alessandra Yuri, Magenta Alessandra, Pompilio Giulio, Capogrossi Maurizio C
Laboratorio Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy.
Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2015;13(3):305-15. doi: 10.2174/15701611113119990011.
microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that act as negative regulators of gene expression, are involved in a wide range of biological functions and control several cellular processes. This review illustrates miRNA regulation and function in tissue response to acute ischemia, focusing on miRNA role in acute myocardial infarction and describing a subset of miRNAs de-regulated upon cardiac ischemia. These miRNAs may represent "master ischemic" miRNAs, playing a pathogenetic role in one of the different components of tissue response to ischemia. Moreover, circulating miRNAs correlated to myocardial infarction and examples of miRNA involvement in ischemic diseases different from cardiac ischemia are also discussed. The identification of specific miRNAs as key regulators of cell biology has opened new clinical avenues, and may allow new diagnostic and/or prognostic tools development, as much as innovative therapeutic strategies. Two paradigmatic reports, in which miRNAs have been targeted to improve cardiac function in pre-clinical models of myocardial infarction, are described in detail and confirmed the efficacy of these strategies.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类作为基因表达负调控因子的小型非编码RNA分子，参与广泛的生物学功能并控制多种细胞过程。本综述阐述了miRNA在组织对急性缺血反应中的调控及功能，重点关注miRNA在急性心肌梗死中的作用，并描述了心脏缺血后失调的一组miRNA。这些miRNA可能代表“主要缺血性”miRNA，在组织对缺血反应的不同组成部分之一中发挥致病作用。此外，还讨论了与心肌梗死相关的循环miRNA以及miRNA参与不同于心脏缺血的缺血性疾病的实例。将特定miRNA鉴定为细胞生物学的关键调节因子开辟了新的临床途径，并可能有助于开发新的诊断和/或预后工具以及创新治疗策略。详细描述了两篇典型报告，其中在心肌梗死临床前模型中靶向miRNA以改善心脏功能，并证实了这些策略的有效性。
